antiemetic and antinausea drugs

Question 1

nausea

Answer 1

sensation leading to the urge to vomit

Question 2

emesis

Answer 2

forcible emptying of gastric contents and sometimes intestinal contents

Question 3

antiemetic drugs

Answer 3

used to relieve nausea and vomiting

Question 4

chemoreceptor trigger zone

Answer 4

in brain, causes vomiting reflex

Question 5

types of nausea and vomiting

Answer 5

chemotherapy-induced, post-op, general

Question 6

3 pathways that trigger CTZ

Answer 6

GI tract, labyrinth (inner ear), cerebral cortex

Question 7

Alice Always Ate Nachos Practicing Spanish Tango

antiemetic and anti-nausea drugs (all in red)

Answer 7

-anticholinergic
- antihistamines (H1 blockers)
- antidopaminergic
- neurokinin antagonists
- prokinetic drugs
- serotonin blockers
-tetrahydrocannabinoids

Question 8

general indications of antiemetic and antinausea

Answer 8

prevention and reduction of nausea and vomiting

Question 9

anticholinergic MOA

Answer 9

blocks ACh receptors in the inner ear labyrinth stopping the triggering of the CTZ contraindicated in glaucoma

Question 10

anticholinergic drug ex

Answer 10

scopolamine (most common in motion sickness)

Question 11

antihistamine drugs MOA

Answer 11

inhibit ACh by binding to H1 receptors, prevent cholinergic stimulation in labrynth stoppingthe trigger of CTZ

used for motion sickness, nonproductive coughs, allergies, sedation

Question 12

antihistamine drug examples

Answer 12

dimenhydrinate (gravol), diphenhydramine (benadryl)

Question 13

dimenhydrinate cause cause what in elderly and children

Answer 13

elderly= risk for agitation
children= paradoxical effects (altered LOC)

Question 14

antidopaminergic drugs MOA

Answer 14

block dopamine receptors in CTZ, used for psychotic disorders, intractable hiccups

Question 15

antidopaminergic drug ex

Answer 15

prochlorperazine

Question 16

sever side effect of prochloperazine

Answer 16

extrapyramidal syndrome and orthostatic hypotension

Question 17

neurokinin receptor antagonists MOA

Answer 17

inhibit substance p/neurokinin 1 receptors in the brain stem preventing Nausea, used with serotonin blockers and glucocorticoids, inhibits delayed phases of chemotherapy-induced emesis

Question 18

neurokinin receptor antagonist ex

Answer 18

aprepitant (emend)

Question 19

prokinetic drug MOA

Answer 19

-blocks dopamine receptors in CTZ
- cause CTZ to be desensitized to impulses from GI tract
- increased peristalsis
- also used for GERD and delayed gastric emptying
- contraindicated by GI obstruction

Question 20

prokinetic drug ex

Answer 20

metoclopramide (Metonia). give 30 mins before meal

Question 21

long term use of metoclopramide may cause

Answer 21

irreversible tardive dyskinesia

Question 22

serotonin blockers MOA

Answer 22

• blocks serotonin receptors in GI tract, CTZ and vomiting centre
• used for chemotherapy and post op nausea and vomiting

Question 23

serotonin blockers ex

Answer 23

ondansetron (zofran)

Question 24

tetrahydrocannabinoids MOA

Answer 24

-major psychoactive substance in marihuana
-inhibitory effects on reticular formation, thalamus, cerebral cortex
- alter mood and perception of surroundings

Question 25

tetrahydrocannabinoids ex

Answer 25

medical marihuana. used for chemo and weight loss in AIDS pts

Question 26

miscellaneous antinausea drugs

Answer 26

- aprepitant - doxyamine succinate (monitors sickness in pregnancy) -pyridoxine hcl (used for morning sickness)

Question 27

combination of aprepitant and doxylamine succinate

Answer 27

Diclectin

Question 28

ginger indications

Answer 28

- used for nausea and vomiting caused by motion and morning sickness and chemo.

Question 29

ginger adverse effects

Answer 29

anorexia, nausea and vomiting, skin reactions

Question 30

ginger drug interactions

Answer 30

increases absorption of ora meds, increased bleeding with anticoagulants

Question 31

many of antinauseants cause

Answer 31

drowsiness. caution with driving and hazardous tasks

Question 32

taking antiemetics with alcohol causes

Answer 32

severe CNS depression

Question 33

to prevent hypotensive effects

Answer 33

change positions slowly

Question 34

for chemotherapy antiemetics are given..

Answer 34

30-60 mins before chemotherapy begins

Question 35

contraindications of antiemetics

Answer 35

depends on type but lots have hypotension

Question 36

aprepitant _____ metabolism of warfarin

Answer 36

increases. so you have to increase the dose.

Question 37

serotonin blockers can cause

Answer 37

cardiac dysrhythmias