Immune System 4 - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards
What can you not do when claiming a food or a supplement product?
You cannot come with specific health claims, unless those claims have a solid grounding in the scientific literature
What are you allowed to do when claiming a food or a supplement product?
You can use language that suggest or implies general health benefits and has a ‘sciency’ tone
What are examples of language used in implying general health benefits? (5)
- Natural
- Boost
- Balance
- Support
- Maintain
Natural
Just because it says all natural doesnt mean it is good for you
- 3 examples of all natural products = arsenic, ricin and strychine
Boost
This has no scientific meaning
- example of boosts = lemons, sages, sweet potatoes, kale and grapefruit
Balance
Typically a feel good word
Goldilocks principle
States that something must fall within certain margins, as opposed to reaching extremes
What are the 4 balances of hormones from the hippocrates?
- Blood
- Yellow bile
- Black bile
- Phlegm
Who was Claude Bernard?
He was the inventor of the concept of homeostasis
- balance needs to maintain parameters in a tight environment
- eg) pH needs to be in balance
What is the main organ for detoxification in your body?
Liver
Where does carbon monoxide come from?
The breakdown of Hb
What can methanol cause? (2)
- Blindness
- Death
- highly toxic
What are 3 toxins that our body is exposed to?
- Carbon monoxide
- Methanol
- Acetaldehyde
- but detox diets wont help with these
What are the 2 meanings of essential?
- Necessary for life
2. Botany – refers to the scent of the plant or flower
What are the 2 meanings of quantum?
- Science
- smallest thing that can happen
- eg) quantum jump - Popular speak
- big jump
What use to be believed that it was effect cure? (3)
- Blood letting
- 1517 - Essential oils
- Quantum
Inoculation
Historically used to fight smallpox, from about 1000 years ago in China to the early 1800s. A small quantity of material from the pustules of people suffering from the milder form of disease was introduced into healthy people
- involved taking stuff from pustules and giving it to someone who does not have it
Vaccination
The introduction of weakened pathogen of something that looks like the pathogen (to our immune system), but does not cause the disease
Who pioneered the vaccination?
Edward Jenner
- in the late 1700s
What are 4 disease that have had successes invacinations?
- Smallpox
- Yellow fever
- Tetanus
- Polio
Yellow fever
Is a liver disease that causes the white of the eyes to turn yellow
What is the vector for yellow fever?
Mosquitos
Who were most likely to get the disease of yellow fever?
People who worked on the Panama Canal
Tetanus
Is a disease that effects the communication of muscles
- causes the muscles to lock
Polio
Is a disease that causes thoracic muscles to become paralyzed
What are 3 problems with vaccinations?
- Not all vaccinations works
- some patients are not protected by a vaccine - Some vaccines might cause allergic reactions
- Vaccine injury
Adjuvants
A substance that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen
Vaccine injury
Is the harm that could come from vaccines
- but these have not been proven
- eg) link between autism and vaccines
Switzerland, 1883
Repeal of a compulsory smallpox vaccination law
France, 1990s
Media scare centred on the fear that hepatitis B vaccine causes multiple sclerosis
Nigeria, 2000s
Fear that polio vaccine rendered children sterile
- a fatwa was issues condemning vaccination
- the result was an explosion of polio
Thimerosol
Is a mercury containing compound that was added to vaccines as a preservative and suppresses bacterial growth
- its use has declined, even thought there is no good evidence of its harm (thought it caused neurological damage –> but it was not proved)
