Immune System 4 - MT3 - Part 1

Question 1

What can you not do when claiming a food or a supplement product?

Answer 1

You cannot come with specific health claims, unless those claims have a solid grounding in the scientific literature

Question 2

What are you allowed to do when claiming a food or a supplement product?

Answer 2

You can use language that suggest or implies general health benefits and has a ‘sciency’ tone

Question 3

What are examples of language used in implying general health benefits? (5)

Answer 3

1. Natural
2. Boost
3. Balance
4. Support
5. Maintain

Question 4

Natural

Answer 4

Just because it says all natural doesnt mean it is good for you
- 3 examples of all natural products = arsenic, ricin and strychine

Question 5

Boost

Answer 5

This has no scientific meaning

- example of boosts = lemons, sages, sweet potatoes, kale and grapefruit

Question 6

Balance

Answer 6

Typically a feel good word

Question 7

Goldilocks principle

Answer 7

States that something must fall within certain margins, as opposed to reaching extremes

Question 8

What are the 4 balances of hormones from the hippocrates?

Answer 8

1. Blood
2. Yellow bile
3. Black bile
4. Phlegm

Question 9

Who was Claude Bernard?

Answer 9

He was the inventor of the concept of homeostasis

• balance needs to maintain parameters in a tight environment
• eg) pH needs to be in balance

Question 10

What is the main organ for detoxification in your body?

Answer 10

Liver

Question 11

Where does carbon monoxide come from?

Answer 11

The breakdown of Hb

Question 12

What can methanol cause? (2)

Answer 12

1. Blindness
2. Death
   - highly toxic

Question 13

What are 3 toxins that our body is exposed to?

Answer 13

1. Carbon monoxide
2. Methanol
3. Acetaldehyde

• but detox diets wont help with these

Question 14

What are the 2 meanings of essential?

Answer 14

1. Necessary for life

2. Botany – refers to the scent of the plant or flower

Question 15

What are the 2 meanings of quantum?

Answer 15

1. Science
   - smallest thing that can happen
   - eg) quantum jump
2. Popular speak
   - big jump

Question 16

What use to be believed that it was effect cure? (3)

Answer 16

1. Blood letting
   - 1517
2. Essential oils
3. Quantum

Question 17

Inoculation

Answer 17

Historically used to fight smallpox, from about 1000 years ago in China to the early 1800s. A small quantity of material from the pustules of people suffering from the milder form of disease was introduced into healthy people
- involved taking stuff from pustules and giving it to someone who does not have it

Question 18

Vaccination

Answer 18

The introduction of weakened pathogen of something that looks like the pathogen (to our immune system), but does not cause the disease

Question 19

Who pioneered the vaccination?

Answer 19

Edward Jenner

- in the late 1700s

Question 20

What are 4 disease that have had successes invacinations?

Answer 20

1. Smallpox
2. Yellow fever
3. Tetanus
4. Polio

Question 21

Yellow fever

Answer 21

Is a liver disease that causes the white of the eyes to turn yellow

Question 22

What is the vector for yellow fever?

Answer 22

Mosquitos

Question 23

Who were most likely to get the disease of yellow fever?

Answer 23

People who worked on the Panama Canal

Question 24

Tetanus

Answer 24

Is a disease that effects the communication of muscles

- causes the muscles to lock

Question 25

Polio

Answer 25

Is a disease that causes thoracic muscles to become paralyzed

Question 26

What are 3 problems with vaccinations?

Answer 26

1. Not all vaccinations works
   - some patients are not protected by a vaccine
2. Some vaccines might cause allergic reactions
3. Vaccine injury

Question 27

Adjuvants

Answer 27

A substance that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen

Question 28

Vaccine injury

Answer 28

Is the harm that could come from vaccines

• but these have not been proven
• eg) link between autism and vaccines

Question 29

Switzerland, 1883

Answer 29

Repeal of a compulsory smallpox vaccination law

Question 30

France, 1990s

Answer 30

Media scare centred on the fear that hepatitis B vaccine causes multiple sclerosis

Question 31

Nigeria, 2000s

Answer 31

Fear that polio vaccine rendered children sterile

• a fatwa was issues condemning vaccination
• the result was an explosion of polio

Question 32

Thimerosol

Answer 32

Is a mercury containing compound that was added to vaccines as a preservative and suppresses bacterial growth
- its use has declined, even thought there is no good evidence of its harm (thought it caused neurological damage –> but it was not proved)