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Bio 351 - Biology Behind the News > Concussion and Sport - MT3 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Concussion and Sport - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Cochrane

A

A blog that complies a whole bunch of information on the same topic. And then they have error bars between other journals
- this gives you real information

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2
Q

What do reporters use celebrity’s for?

A

As a way to get the audience to read the story but then will hit you with real scientific facts

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3
Q

How do hippocrates describe concussions?

A

A concussion of the brain is a result of a blow to the head, leading to a loss of speech, hearing and sight

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4
Q

How does Rhazes describe concussions?

A

A cerebral concussion has a transient loss of function with no physical change

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5
Q

Transient

A

Gets better

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6
Q

How does De Carpi describe concussions?

A

Brain commotion was the bruising of the soft tissue of the brain as it hit the harder inner surface of the skull

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7
Q

What did De Carpi discover?

A

That there is a space between the brain and the skull

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8
Q

How did De Carpi discover his information about concussions?

A

He dissected many cadavers

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9
Q

What paper did Harrison Martland write?

A

Punch Drunk

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10
Q

What did punch drunk suggest?

A

That the mental and behaviour problems that develop in boxers were the result of multiple concussions
- however, he had not done any autopsies of boxers brains and could not relate their problems to any demonstrable physical deterioration of the brain

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11
Q

What were prime patients for Martland?

A

Boxers with not a lot of skill

- so they got a lot of hits

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12
Q

What did Corsellis do?

A

He confirmed Martlands hypothesis

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13
Q

What paper did Corsellis write?

A

The Aftermath of Boxing

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14
Q

How did Corsellis confirm Martlands hypothesis?

A

He dissected the brains of 15 dead boxers, found visible damage (swelling, atrophy and irregular folds) and related the damage to the boxers careers and to their behavioural and medical problems before death

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15
Q

What term did Corsellis create?

A

Dementia pugilistica

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16
Q

What did Bennet Omalu do?

A

He first described and named chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), from his study of the brains of decrease NFL players
- this term now replaced dementia pugilistica and punch drunk

17
Q

Mike Webster

A

Suffered many concussions in his football career and developed bizarre behaviour
- Omalu looked more into it

18
Q

What is a concussion sometimes called?

A

Mild traumatic brain injury

19
Q

Concussion

A

An injury to the brain that results in the immediate and temporary impairment of brain function

20
Q

What causes concussions? (2)

A
  1. Blows that cause the brain to impact the inside of the skull
  2. Rotational blows that twist the neck and head
    - head doesnt have to be hit to get a concussion, a sudden stop can cause potential damage
21
Q

What are 6 symptoms to getting a concussion?

A
  1. Nausea
  2. Trouble sleeping
  3. Mood swings
  4. Head aches
  5. Trouble focusing
  6. Sensitive to the light
22
Q

What are 3 damages caused by concussions?

A
  1. Stretching and searing axons
    - causes leakage of ions across the membrane
  2. Damage to the blood brain barrier and the release of the brain protein S100B into the blood
  3. Reduced blood flow to the brain
23
Q

Axons

A

Effective passage of ions across the membrane

24
Q

Maintaining what is essential for function?

A

Orderly movement of ions across the membrane

25
Q

Action potential

A

The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell

26
Q

What do tau proteins cause?

A

Tangles caused by damage

27
Q

Microtubules

A

A microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures

28
Q

What get modified in concussions?

A

Microtubules

29
Q

What can changing of microtubules be linked to?

A

Dementia

30
Q

Blood brain barrier

A

A filtering mechanism of capillaries that carry blood to the brain and spinal cord tissue, blocking the passage of certain substances

31
Q

What happens if the barrier is disrupted?

A

It can leak contents

32
Q

Pericytes

A

They are contractile cells that wrap around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body
- in the brain, they help sustain the blood–brain barrier as well as several other homeostatic and hemostatic functions of the brain

33
Q

Astrocytes

A

A star-shaped glial cell of the central nervous system

34
Q

UCHL1

A

Stays in the blood for a couple days

35
Q

GFAP

A

Stays in the blood for about a week

Bio 351 - Biology Behind the News (30 decks)

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