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Bio 351 - Biology Behind the News > Immune System 3 - MT3 - Part 1 > Flashcards

Immune System 3 - MT3 - Part 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are 5 types of defences in the innate system?

A
  1. Barriers
    - skin, saliva, tears
  2. Phagocytes
    - macrophages
  3. Natural killer cells
    - destroys cancer cells
  4. Inflammation
  5. Fever
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2
Q

What are 3 types of defences in the adaptive system?

A
  1. B cells
  2. Helper T cells
  3. Cytotoxic T cells
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3
Q

What do B cells do?

A

Create antibodies

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4
Q

What do helper T cells do?

A

Communicate the adaptive and the innate defence system

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5
Q

What are 2 things involved in communication?

A
  1. Cytokines

2. Antigen presentation

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6
Q

Cytokins

A

Are the proteins that stimulate for a response

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7
Q

What is a healthy immune system?

A

A system that can fight off infection

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8
Q

Is there a way to tell if your immune system is healthy or not?

A

Not really
- there is no measurement or observation you can make which can tell you that your immune system is function optimally, has been boosted or has been depressed

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9
Q

What disease can measurably suppress the immune system?

A

HIV

- it infects helper T cells so the T cell count is way down in patients who have AIDs

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10
Q

What is the exception when measuring whether the immune system is working properly?

A

Helper T cells

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11
Q

What do monocytes mature to?

A

Macrophages

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12
Q

When it comes to the immune system what is more productive way to go about it?

A

Specific disease compared to global questions

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13
Q

What are 5 suspected factors or known ways to weaken the immune system?

A
  1. Malnutrition/fetal malnutrition
  2. Shortage of certain minerals
  3. Working to much/too hard
  4. Diseases of cells of the immune system
  5. Fatigue
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14
Q

What type of people are more prone to infectious diseases? (3)

A
  1. People who suffer from malnutrition
  2. People who live in poor conditions
  3. People who have possible contaminated water
  • none of theses are a direct connection
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15
Q

What 2 issues came up when researching specific micronutrients?

A
  1. Does deficiency have an effect on the immune system?

2. If someones intake is normal, does supplementation provide added strength to their immune system?

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16
Q

What do lots of advertisements not tell you?

A

The whole truth

- they tell you its necessary but not about the effects it could have somewhere else

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17
Q

What have low levels of selenium been associated with?

A

Several cancers

18
Q

What does low levels of selenium result from? (2)

A
  1. Poor diet

2. Contaminated water

19
Q

What foods can you get selenium from? (8)

A
  1. Mushrooms
  2. Garlic
  3. Egg
  4. Broccoli
  5. Asparagus
  6. Salmon
  7. Spinach
  8. Oats
20
Q

What is the recommended dosage of selenium?

A

55ug

- typically we get enough from the food we eat

21
Q

What are low levels of vitamin A associated with?

A

High risk of infectious diseases

22
Q

What is more common for low levels: selenium or vitamin A?

A

Vitamin A

23
Q

What is vitamin A involved with? (2)

A
  1. Vision

2. Directly with the immune system (T cell differentiation)

24
Q

Whats another word for riboflavin?

A

Vitamin B2

25
Q

Riboflavin

A

Confers some resistance to infectious diseases in mice

- need electron transport

26
Q

What happens when mice have a reduced intake of riboflavin?

A

They see a reduction in macrophages

27
Q

What foods contains riboflavin? (5)

A
  1. Eggs
  2. Lean meats
  3. Milk
  4. Green vegetables
  5. Grains
28
Q

What does a deficiency of vitamin B6 do?

A

Impair the development and differentiation of B cells and T cells from stem cells

29
Q

What does a deficiency in vitamin C do?

A

Effect on the immune system is unknown

30
Q

What are cells typically packed with?

A

Vitamin C

- its needed for normal function

31
Q

What does vitamin C prevent?

A

The common cold

- just an idea (no actual proof)

32
Q

Linus Pauling (3)

A
  1. Wrote a textbook
  2. United chemistry with quantum mechanics
  3. One of the first to study Hb
33
Q

What is vitamin D known to be involved with?

A

Fighting mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB)

34
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Is a disease caused by a bacteria called TB. The bacteria usually attacks the lungs, but they can also damage other parts of the body

35
Q

How does TB spread?

A

Through the air when a person with TB of the lungs or throat, coughs, sneezes or talks

36
Q

What does TB make you more prone to get? (2)

A
  1. HIV

2. Flu

37
Q

Why is the flu more common in the winter?

A

Because the bacteria doesnt get as much sunlight

38
Q

What does enhancement of vitamin E do?

A

Supplementation enhanced that antibody response to some vaccinations, but not to others

39
Q

Antioxidants

A

A substance that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in a living organism

40
Q

What does a deficiency in zinc affect?

A

Affects the functioning of lymphocytes

Bio 351 - Biology Behind the News (30 decks)

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