DNA 3 - MT2

Question 1

What has Thomas Jefferson been long time suspected for?

Answer 1

Having fathered one or more children by Sally Hemings

Question 2

Who was Sally Hemings?

Answer 2

She was a 14 year old slaved owned by Thomas Jefferson

Question 3

How many living patrilineal descendants of Thomas Jefferson are there?

Answer 3

5

- TJ himself had no male children from his marriages who survived to adulthood

Question 4

How many living patrilineal descendent of Sally Hemings are there?

Answer 4

1

- Eston Hemings Jefferson (the son)

Question 5

What did the DNA results saw about the Y chromosome patterns?

Answer 5

That Eston Hemings Jefferson living descendant and the living descendant of Thomas Jeffersons paternal uncle were a match

Question 6

How was a victim from Jack the Ripper linked to long time suspect Aaron Kosminski?

Answer 6

By DNA evidence

• blood from Catherine Addowe’s shawl
• the shawl was found near Catherine and the blood matched Aaron
• DNA pattern found on it was common so they couldnt use it

Question 7

How is mitochondria DNA inherited?

Answer 7

Maternally inherited

Question 8

Genetic drift

Answer 8

Variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or does not reproduce

Question 9

What happens if population numbers are small?

Answer 9

The you get larger variations (sampling errors)

Question 10

When is there a nesting effect among the variants?

Answer 10

When one group gives rise to another group

- could use the variants tot race back to where it originated

Question 11

What population are more genetically diverse?

Answer 11

African populations

Question 12

African Model

Answer 12

Proposes a single origin of homo-sapiens in the taxonomic sense
- would expect less variation in migrating populations

Question 13

What are the 2 models?

Answer 13

1. Out of Africa

2. Multiregional

Question 14

Founder effect

Answer 14

The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors
- this is a special case of genetic drift

Question 15

How can DNA markers help determine ancestry?

Answer 15

Because specific markers are found in specific human groups, analysis of you DAN can tell you some things about your ancestry

Question 16

What can markers not tell you?

Answer 16

No biological marker for specific places

Question 17

What are the 2 most frequently used markers?

Answer 17

1. Y chromosome

2. Mitochondrial genome

Question 18

Mitochondrial eve

Answer 18

When the original analysis of the DNA in the mitochondria of modern humans was carried out, the results suggested that all modern humans share the DNA of a single individual female who lived a few hundred thousands years ago

Question 19

What can help with diagnosis and treatment?

Answer 19

Studying diseases with a genetic component at the level of a gene

Question 20

What was considered the holy grail?

Answer 20

Getting information from genes about diseases

Question 21

Huntington diseases

Answer 21

A rare disease that deteriorates neurons that affect adults in their 40s
- comes from a dominant allele

Question 22

What does it mean when you have less than 35 CAG repeats?

Answer 22

Then you are fine and shouldnt get Huntington disease

Question 23

What does it mean when you have more than 35 CAG repeats?

Answer 23

That you are highly likely to get the disease

Question 24

Herceptin treatment story

Answer 24

Cancer cells assayed fro HER2-genetic copy number by it situ hybridization

• encourages cells to divide
• the drug binds to this and decreases the cells to divid
• the drug is hard on patients so dont give it if you dont have to

Question 25

DNA barcode project

Answer 25

An attempt to derive a set of unique DNA markers for wild animals and plant species
- such markers can be used to fight the illegal trade in endangered organisms

Question 26

What were the first domesticated species?

Answer 26

Dogs