imagery ability Flashcards
what is imagery ability?
- an individual’s ability to form vivid, controllable images and retain them for sufficient time to effect the desired imagery rehearsal
describe the processes involved that make imagery multi- dimensional
- partly fixed ability
- partly modified skill
- increased imagery ability equates to increased imagery effectiveness
what 5 dimensions are needed to improve imagery ability?
- ease, duration, accuracy, controllability, vividness
describe how the 5 dimensions need to be improved
- more vivid so exact situation replicated
- control over drills
- needs to represent the environment
- represent amount of time task takes, can be slowed down to perfect move
- needs to be realistic to promote success
how does age affect imagery ability?
- as you get older you reach plateau on your ability to image
- retain the ability over a prolonged time but ability is low in those over 50 or children
what are the three methods used to improve imagery ability?
- behavioural matching e.g., PETLEP imagery
- training exercises e.g. layered stimulus response training
- observations and demonstrations e.g. video clips
describe self report measures
-subject to bias
- can send out surveys to people but these aren’t reliable
describe objective assessments
- behavioural change to see if imagery is effecting performance
what is it called when you measure how long ability can be maintained?
- chronometric
describe how you can look at brain stimulation
- the better you are means the more neurons that fire to reach motor control units required to perform the task
what are strengths of questionnaires?
+ cheap and easy to administer
+ easily assess different modalities
+ direct assessment of imagery
what are the weaknesses of questionaries?
- difficult to make direct comparisons of people
- self report bias
- hard to quantify results
what are the strengths of objective measures?
+ responses easier to compare
+ compare people/ conditions
what are the weaknesses of objective measures?
- can be expensive
- indirect assessment
what is behavioural matching?
- match performance to the image you are conducting
- behavioural matching helps to improve the effectiveness of injury
what do imagery interactions stimulate?
- aspects of performance especially the sensations associated with relevant movements and subsequent emotional impact
give an example of how imagery can directly replicate sport
- if the competition is in a loud environment you should replicate with external stimuli
what is PETTLEP
- physical
- environment
- task
- timing
- learning
- emotion
- perspective
describe ‘ physical’ component
- actively involve athlete in imagery experience
- make imagery match physical experience
- wear kit, use equipment, more specific associations
describe ‘ environment’ component
- include relevant detail of the environment
- training vs competition e.g. perform mental imagery on pitch
- videos, audios, photos
describe ‘task’ component
- images used in imagery should be identical to performance
- beginner’s imagery would be diff to elite to match the appropriate ability
describe ‘timing’ component
- actual running time= imaged running time
- can adjust speed to work on other aspects of performance
- slow motion
describe ‘learning’ component
- should change with learning and practice
- imagery content= current stage of learning
- regularly reviewed and revised
- imagery ability improves as you practice more
describe ‘emotion’ component
- used to heighten someone’s senses to increase arousal or it can be used to calm the body down
- enhances appropriate emotions
describe ‘ perspective’ emotion
- use appropriate perspective
- depends on demands of the task so can reflect on what you’re trying to improve
describe the applied model of imagery use
- to improve the outcome of a sporting situation, you should consider the situation, function/ type and your imagery ability
what are the limitations of the applied model of imagery
- function is not the same as imagery content; may imagine more confidence> performance
- doesn’t consider personal meaning to athlete
- doesn’t consider imagery use beyond sport context (too specific- coaching/rehab rejected)
- imagery can be used in other contexts e.g. pain management
describe how function doesn’t equate to imagery type
- multiple ways of imagining yourself not just in a competitive environment
- e.g., may imagine yourself with more confidence
describe imagery beyond sport
- many different groups e.g., recreational exercise population
- appearance imagery> energy imagery> technique imagery
what is appearance imagery?
- too look better e.g. more muscular
what is energy imagery?
- to be more motivated
what is technique imagery?
- better form
what is efficacy imagery?
- perceived level of confidence
what is enjoyment imagery?
- perceived level of enjoyment
what things should be consider?
- gender; m prefer technique whereas f prefer appearance
- age; young prefer appearance whereas old prefer energy
describe rehab use of imagery
- increase speed of recovery
- better cope with injuries
- closure to injury experience
- manage anxiety and pain
- eliminate counterproductive thoughts
- increased motivation for rehab
- prepare athletes for return to sport
describe the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use
- identifies how imagery is important in a range of situations
- framework to consider when implementing imagery
describe the ‘who’ component
- age, gender, background, imagery ability, experience, personality
- everyone is unique
describe the where+ when component
- training/ exercising, competition, before/ during/ after, travelling, home, injured, rehab
describe the why component
- improve skills, strategies, enhance confidence, reduce anxiety, maintain focus
- cognitive specific, general, motivational specific, general arousal and mastery
describe the how component
- what is imaged content; movement, skills, thoughts, feelings
- content+ characteristics of imagery
what is the outcome component?
- learning + performance, modify cognitions, regulate arousal and anxiety
what are the five ways that the image is characterised
- modality, perspective, angle, agency, deliberation
describe modality types
- auditory, gustatory, kinaesthetic, olfactory, tactile, visual
describe perspective
- internal, external
describe angle
- above, behind, front, side
describe agency
- self, other
describe deliberation
- spontaneous vs triggered
- deliberate mental practice
