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imagery ability Flashcards

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1
Q

what is imagery ability?

A
  • an individual’s ability to form vivid, controllable images and retain them for sufficient time to effect the desired imagery rehearsal
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2
Q

describe the processes involved that make imagery multi- dimensional

A
  • partly fixed ability
  • partly modified skill
  • increased imagery ability equates to increased imagery effectiveness
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3
Q

what 5 dimensions are needed to improve imagery ability?

A
  • ease, duration, accuracy, controllability, vividness
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4
Q

describe how the 5 dimensions need to be improved

A
  • more vivid so exact situation replicated
  • control over drills
  • needs to represent the environment
  • represent amount of time task takes, can be slowed down to perfect move
  • needs to be realistic to promote success
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5
Q

how does age affect imagery ability?

A
  • as you get older you reach plateau on your ability to image
  • retain the ability over a prolonged time but ability is low in those over 50 or children
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6
Q

what are the three methods used to improve imagery ability?

A
  • behavioural matching e.g., PETLEP imagery
  • training exercises e.g. layered stimulus response training
  • observations and demonstrations e.g. video clips
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7
Q

describe self report measures

A

-subject to bias
- can send out surveys to people but these aren’t reliable

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8
Q

describe objective assessments

A
  • behavioural change to see if imagery is effecting performance
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9
Q

what is it called when you measure how long ability can be maintained?

A
  • chronometric
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10
Q

describe how you can look at brain stimulation

A
  • the better you are means the more neurons that fire to reach motor control units required to perform the task
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11
Q

what are strengths of questionnaires?

A

+ cheap and easy to administer
+ easily assess different modalities
+ direct assessment of imagery

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12
Q

what are the weaknesses of questionaries?

A
  • difficult to make direct comparisons of people
  • self report bias
  • hard to quantify results
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13
Q

what are the strengths of objective measures?

A

+ responses easier to compare
+ compare people/ conditions

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14
Q

what are the weaknesses of objective measures?

A
  • can be expensive
  • indirect assessment
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15
Q

what is behavioural matching?

A
  • match performance to the image you are conducting
  • behavioural matching helps to improve the effectiveness of injury
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16
Q

what do imagery interactions stimulate?

A
  • aspects of performance especially the sensations associated with relevant movements and subsequent emotional impact
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17
Q

give an example of how imagery can directly replicate sport

A
  • if the competition is in a loud environment you should replicate with external stimuli
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18
Q

what is PETTLEP

A
  • physical
  • environment
  • task
  • timing
  • learning
  • emotion
  • perspective
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19
Q

describe ‘ physical’ component

A
  • actively involve athlete in imagery experience
  • make imagery match physical experience
  • wear kit, use equipment, more specific associations
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20
Q

describe ‘ environment’ component

A
  • include relevant detail of the environment
  • training vs competition e.g. perform mental imagery on pitch
  • videos, audios, photos
21
Q

describe ‘task’ component

A
  • images used in imagery should be identical to performance
  • beginner’s imagery would be diff to elite to match the appropriate ability
22
Q

describe ‘timing’ component

A
  • actual running time= imaged running time
  • can adjust speed to work on other aspects of performance
  • slow motion
23
Q

describe ‘learning’ component

A
  • should change with learning and practice
  • imagery content= current stage of learning
  • regularly reviewed and revised
  • imagery ability improves as you practice more
24
Q

describe ‘emotion’ component

A
  • used to heighten someone’s senses to increase arousal or it can be used to calm the body down
  • enhances appropriate emotions
25
Q

describe ‘ perspective’ emotion

A
  • use appropriate perspective
  • depends on demands of the task so can reflect on what you’re trying to improve
26
Q

describe the applied model of imagery use

A
  • to improve the outcome of a sporting situation, you should consider the situation, function/ type and your imagery ability
27
Q

what are the limitations of the applied model of imagery

A
  • function is not the same as imagery content; may imagine more confidence> performance
  • doesn’t consider personal meaning to athlete
  • doesn’t consider imagery use beyond sport context (too specific- coaching/rehab rejected)
  • imagery can be used in other contexts e.g. pain management
28
Q

describe how function doesn’t equate to imagery type

A
  • multiple ways of imagining yourself not just in a competitive environment
  • e.g., may imagine yourself with more confidence
29
Q

describe imagery beyond sport

A
  • many different groups e.g., recreational exercise population
  • appearance imagery> energy imagery> technique imagery
30
Q

what is appearance imagery?

A
  • too look better e.g. more muscular
31
Q

what is energy imagery?

A
  • to be more motivated
32
Q

what is technique imagery?

A
  • better form
33
Q

what is efficacy imagery?

A
  • perceived level of confidence
34
Q

what is enjoyment imagery?

A
  • perceived level of enjoyment
35
Q

what things should be consider?

A
  • gender; m prefer technique whereas f prefer appearance
  • age; young prefer appearance whereas old prefer energy
36
Q

describe rehab use of imagery

A
  • increase speed of recovery
  • better cope with injuries
  • closure to injury experience
  • manage anxiety and pain
  • eliminate counterproductive thoughts
  • increased motivation for rehab
  • prepare athletes for return to sport
37
Q

describe the revised applied model of deliberate imagery use

A
  • identifies how imagery is important in a range of situations
  • framework to consider when implementing imagery
38
Q

describe the ‘who’ component

A
  • age, gender, background, imagery ability, experience, personality
  • everyone is unique
39
Q

describe the where+ when component

A
  • training/ exercising, competition, before/ during/ after, travelling, home, injured, rehab
40
Q

describe the why component

A
  • improve skills, strategies, enhance confidence, reduce anxiety, maintain focus
  • cognitive specific, general, motivational specific, general arousal and mastery
41
Q

describe the how component

A
  • what is imaged content; movement, skills, thoughts, feelings
  • content+ characteristics of imagery
42
Q

what is the outcome component?

A
  • learning + performance, modify cognitions, regulate arousal and anxiety
43
Q

what are the five ways that the image is characterised

A
  • modality, perspective, angle, agency, deliberation
44
Q

describe modality types

A
  • auditory, gustatory, kinaesthetic, olfactory, tactile, visual
45
Q

describe perspective

A
  • internal, external
46
Q

describe angle

A
  • above, behind, front, side
47
Q

describe agency

A
  • self, other
48
Q

describe deliberation

A
  • spontaneous vs triggered
  • deliberate mental practice

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