anxiety, depression and sedentary lifestyle

Question 1

what is anxiety?

Answer 1

• unrealistic and unfounded fear

Question 2

why is anxiety described as a panic disorder?

Answer 2

• episodic attacks of acute anxiety

Question 3

what are the symptoms of anxiety?

Answer 3

• shortness of breath, dizziness, increased HR, clammy, faintness

Question 4

what is anticipatory anxiety?

Answer 4

• when a person experiences increased levels of anxiety by thinking about a situation in the future

Question 5

what are the six benefits of exercise on health?

Answer 5

• weight loss
• cardiovascular system regulation
• lower risk of cancer
• sleep improvement
• blood pressure control
• reduced mortality

Question 6

how does physical activity relate to psychological wellbeing? McMahon et al (2017)

Answer 6

• 11,110 adolescents asked how often they exercise and asked about psychological wellbeing
• the more exercise engagement meant the more cheerful, calm, relaxed, active and fresh they felt

Question 7

how did exercise impact mean mental health burden? Checkroud et al (2018)

Answer 7

• 1,237,194 adults self reported type, duration, frequency + intensity
• mean mental health burden lower for those exercising
• effect of exercise greater in those with previous depression diagnosis

Question 8

weekend warriors and psychological distress study - Hammer et al (2017)

Answer 8

• 108, 011 pts> self- reported PA & psychological distress assessed by questionnaire
• psychological distress prevalent in 14.5 % of the sample
• no additional benefit of being regularly active compared to weekend warrior

Question 9

how can Tai Chi relate to psychological distress? Xiang et al (2017)

Answer 9

• could be seen as beneficial for treating fatigue

Question 10

how can Pilates be related to psychological distress? Fleming & Herring (2018)

Answer 10

• shown to have benefits for mental health reducing anxiety, depression, fatigue

Question 11

what are the associations with physical activity and anxiety ? Goodwin (2006)

Answer 11

• how often you get PA in your job or recreational activity
• observational study, no intervention
• panic attack & anxiety were significantly higher in those w no PA

Question 12

what are the associations between physical activity and anxiety? Pasco et al (2011)

Answer 12

• longitudinal study
• 547 pts 60 years+
• higher levels of PA seems to be protective of developing depression and anxiety

Question 13

what is the association with exercise withdrawal and anxiety & depression? Weinstein et al (2017)

Answer 13

• review of 19 studies
• increased anxiety following exercise withdrawal
• more than 2 weeks of withdrawal has a greater ^ in symptoms
• increased depressive symptoms following exercise withdrawal

Question 14

what is depression?

Answer 14

• pathological state of extreme dejection or melancholy often with physical symptoms

Question 15

what does depression cause a reduction in?

Answer 15

• vitality, vigour, or spirits

Question 16

what did Goodwin (2006) find relating to PA and depression?

Answer 16

• prevalence of depression in those not physically active
• observational = no intervention
• 13.04% of non PA people had major depression compared to 8.24% in those active

Question 17

what was the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) - Hiles et al (2017)

Answer 17

• 2932 pts; 57% depressed/ anxious, 21% remitted disorder, 22% healthy controls
• conducted an IPAQ
• lower sport participation and sedentary behaviour in people w higher depression
• lower PA in people w remitted depression

Question 18

what did NESDA study find? what were associations 2 years later?

Answer 18

• greatest effects for co- morbid participants
• associations between diagnosis and sports pt 2 years later
• anxiety/ depression associated with sports participation

Question 19

describe the effect of exercise on depression - Mead et al (2013)

Answer 19

• meta analysis of 35 studies
• no difference compared with psychological treatment or pharmacological treatment
• exercise has a moderate positive clinical effect on depression

Question 20

describe the intention to exercise study

Answer 20

• 8966 CHD patients
• measured anxiety and depression
• conducted a stages of changes questionnaire
• many in pre- contemplation stage compared to complemplation and action stage

Question 21

what is sedentary behaviour linked to?

Answer 21

• all- cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer risk, metabolic disorders
• musculoskeletal disorders
• mental health disorders

Question 22

how is sedentary behaviour measured?

Answer 22

• total amount of time sitting
• bouts of sitting time and breaking up sitting time

Question 23

what are the associations between movement behaviours and anxiety? Allen et al (2019)

Answer 23

• meta- analysis of 13 observational studies
• sedentary behaviour associated with increased risk for anxiety

Question 24

what was observed in mood changes after sitting for a period of time?

Answer 24

• acute changes observed
• significant increase in fatigue after 2-4 hours
• decrease in vigour for all three sessions
• tendency to be less friendly at the end of each session

Question 25

did prolonged sitting affect physical activity ? what are the effects?

Answer 25

• no it didn’t significantly affect PA
• effect on blood pressure, fatigue and vigour components of mood scale >2

Question 26

why is there a need for interventions?

Answer 26

• to support benefits of breaking up long periods of sitting
• increase cardiovascular and metabolic health in older adults