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Determinants of physical activity Flashcards

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1
Q

what are health inequalities measured by?

A
  • differences in health outcomes among different groups
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2
Q

what does life expectancy depend on?

A
  • depends on where people live
  • people in most deprived areas have a life expectancy a decade shorter than those in least deprived
  • Blackpool-76 vs Kensington-86
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3
Q

what widened health inequalities? what did this cause?

A
  • Covid- 19
  • LE in England fell for first time since 2000
  • decrease in team sports for children, gym and fitness increased among children
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4
Q

what groups are most likely to be affected by health inequalities?

A
  • people with learning disabilities, homeless men, black people. gypsy/ Irish travellers
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5
Q

what are behaviours explained as? do they vary?

A
  • complex
  • vary between individuals
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6
Q

what do the physical activity guidelines provide?

A
  • gold standards that individuals should try to achieve
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7
Q

how much physical activity should be completed for children?

A
  • 3 hours per day for young children
  • 1 hour for 5-18
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8
Q

what are the benefits of physical activity on children?

A
  • bone health
  • cognitive function
  • CV fitness
  • muscle fitness
  • weight status
  • depression
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9
Q

how much exercise should adults engage in?

A
  • 150 mins moderate intensity exercise per week or 75 minutes vigorous intensity per week
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10
Q

what are the benefits of physical activity on adults?

A
  • decreased stroke, heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, 8 cancers and depression risk
  • improves cognitive function, quality of life, sleep, anxiety and weight status
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11
Q

what shoulder elderly people focus on when engaging in exercise?

A
  • balance and flexibility emphasised
  • minimise sedentary time
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12
Q

what are the health benefits for older adults?

A
  • reduced falls and fragility
  • improved physical function
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13
Q

how does physical activity vary between children? (3)

A
  • gender=boys more active
  • ethnicity= black children least active
  • family affluence= low affluence least active
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14
Q

how does physical activity vary between adults? (4)

A
  • gender= men more active
  • age= activity levels decrease with age
  • disability= less common for disabled people / those with long- term health issues
  • socio- economic groups; least active are those in routine jobs/ unemployed less active
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15
Q

what are lifestyle factors that act as determinants of health?

A
  • diet, stress levels, sedentary levels
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16
Q

describe social and community networks as a determinant of health

A
  • friends and family can encourage or discourage an active lifestyle
  • parents influence children
17
Q

describe living and working conditions as a determinant of PA

A
  • amount of hours you work, employment status, level of education, urban or rural, accessibility to sport
18
Q

what did global levels of physical activity aim to assess?

A
  • prevalence of insufficient PA (according to WHO guidelines) in adults 18+ in 168 countries for 2001-2016
19
Q

how was data for global levels of PA recorded?

A
  • self- reported PA across 4 domains
  • work, household, transport, leisure time
20
Q

how was insufficient PA prevalence reported?

A
  • reported by age and sex
21
Q

what is WHO intervention?

A
  • world health organisation
  • global action plan
22
Q

what is the vision of the world health organisation?

A
  • more active people for a healthier world
23
Q

what is the mission of the world health organisation?

A
  • ensures that all people have access to safe/ enabling environments+ diverse opportunities to be physically active in daily lives
  • as a means of improving individuals and community health
24
Q

what was the target of the world health organisation?

A
  • 15% relative reduction in the global prevalence of physical inactivity in adults/ adolescents by 2030
25
Q

what was objective 1 of WHO?

A
  • four policy action
  • to create positive social norms and attitudes
  • enhancing knowledge and understanding of benefits of PA
26
Q

what was objective 2 of WHO?

A
  • five policy action to create supportive spaces and places
  • promotes and safeguards the rights of all people to have equitable access
27
Q

what was objective 3 of WHO?

A
  • six policy actions
  • outlines the multiple settings in which an increase in programmes can help all ages/ abilities
28
Q

what was objective 4 of WHO?

A
  • five policy actions outline investments needed to strengthen the systems necessary to implement effective and coordinated international action
  • address governance, leadership, multisectoral partnerships, workforce capabilities, advocacy, info systems and financing mechanisms
29
Q

what is the ecological model?

A
  • integration of different behavioural theories and models
  • inter- relationship between individuals and their social/ physical environment
30
Q

what is the ‘ individual’ section of the ecological model?

A
  • psychological= cognition, beliefs, motivations
  • biological= genetic factors, evolutionary physiology
31
Q

what is the ‘ interpersonal’ section of the ecological model?

A
  • social support from family, friends, work
  • cultural norms and practices
32
Q

what is the ‘environment’ section of the ecological model?

A

social env- behavioural modelling, crime, traffic, organisational practices
built env- community design, public transport, recreation facilities
natural env- weather, walking routes

33
Q

what is the ‘regional or national policy’ section of the ecological model?

A
  • transport systems
  • urban planning and architecture
  • parks/ recreation sector
  • health sector
  • education and schools sector
  • organised sport sector
  • national PA plans
34
Q

what is the ‘global’ section of the ecological model?

A
  • economic development
    -global media
  • global product marketing
  • urbanisation
  • global advocacy
  • social and cultural norms
35
Q

what is ‘correlates’ ?

A
  • statistical associations
  • no causality
36
Q

what are ‘determinants’ ?

A
  • longitudinal research
  • casual associations

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