Determinants of physical activity Flashcards
what are health inequalities measured by?
- differences in health outcomes among different groups
what does life expectancy depend on?
- depends on where people live
- people in most deprived areas have a life expectancy a decade shorter than those in least deprived
- Blackpool-76 vs Kensington-86
what widened health inequalities? what did this cause?
- Covid- 19
- LE in England fell for first time since 2000
- decrease in team sports for children, gym and fitness increased among children
what groups are most likely to be affected by health inequalities?
- people with learning disabilities, homeless men, black people. gypsy/ Irish travellers
what are behaviours explained as? do they vary?
- complex
- vary between individuals
what do the physical activity guidelines provide?
- gold standards that individuals should try to achieve
how much physical activity should be completed for children?
- 3 hours per day for young children
- 1 hour for 5-18
what are the benefits of physical activity on children?
- bone health
- cognitive function
- CV fitness
- muscle fitness
- weight status
- depression
how much exercise should adults engage in?
- 150 mins moderate intensity exercise per week or 75 minutes vigorous intensity per week
what are the benefits of physical activity on adults?
- decreased stroke, heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, 8 cancers and depression risk
- improves cognitive function, quality of life, sleep, anxiety and weight status
what shoulder elderly people focus on when engaging in exercise?
- balance and flexibility emphasised
- minimise sedentary time
what are the health benefits for older adults?
- reduced falls and fragility
- improved physical function
how does physical activity vary between children? (3)
- gender=boys more active
- ethnicity= black children least active
- family affluence= low affluence least active
how does physical activity vary between adults? (4)
- gender= men more active
- age= activity levels decrease with age
- disability= less common for disabled people / those with long- term health issues
- socio- economic groups; least active are those in routine jobs/ unemployed less active
what are lifestyle factors that act as determinants of health?
- diet, stress levels, sedentary levels
describe social and community networks as a determinant of health
- friends and family can encourage or discourage an active lifestyle
- parents influence children
describe living and working conditions as a determinant of PA
- amount of hours you work, employment status, level of education, urban or rural, accessibility to sport
what did global levels of physical activity aim to assess?
- prevalence of insufficient PA (according to WHO guidelines) in adults 18+ in 168 countries for 2001-2016
how was data for global levels of PA recorded?
- self- reported PA across 4 domains
- work, household, transport, leisure time
how was insufficient PA prevalence reported?
- reported by age and sex
what is WHO intervention?
- world health organisation
- global action plan
what is the vision of the world health organisation?
- more active people for a healthier world
what is the mission of the world health organisation?
- ensures that all people have access to safe/ enabling environments+ diverse opportunities to be physically active in daily lives
- as a means of improving individuals and community health
what was the target of the world health organisation?
- 15% relative reduction in the global prevalence of physical inactivity in adults/ adolescents by 2030
what was objective 1 of WHO?
- four policy action
- to create positive social norms and attitudes
- enhancing knowledge and understanding of benefits of PA
what was objective 2 of WHO?
- five policy action to create supportive spaces and places
- promotes and safeguards the rights of all people to have equitable access
what was objective 3 of WHO?
- six policy actions
- outlines the multiple settings in which an increase in programmes can help all ages/ abilities
what was objective 4 of WHO?
- five policy actions outline investments needed to strengthen the systems necessary to implement effective and coordinated international action
- address governance, leadership, multisectoral partnerships, workforce capabilities, advocacy, info systems and financing mechanisms
what is the ecological model?
- integration of different behavioural theories and models
- inter- relationship between individuals and their social/ physical environment
what is the ‘ individual’ section of the ecological model?
- psychological= cognition, beliefs, motivations
- biological= genetic factors, evolutionary physiology
what is the ‘ interpersonal’ section of the ecological model?
- social support from family, friends, work
- cultural norms and practices
what is the ‘environment’ section of the ecological model?
social env- behavioural modelling, crime, traffic, organisational practices
built env- community design, public transport, recreation facilities
natural env- weather, walking routes
what is the ‘regional or national policy’ section of the ecological model?
- transport systems
- urban planning and architecture
- parks/ recreation sector
- health sector
- education and schools sector
- organised sport sector
- national PA plans
what is the ‘global’ section of the ecological model?
- economic development
-global media - global product marketing
- urbanisation
- global advocacy
- social and cultural norms
what is ‘correlates’ ?
- statistical associations
- no causality
what are ‘determinants’ ?
- longitudinal research
- casual associations
