III: Geriatrics Flashcards
______ accumulates in response to peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids or membrane lipids
Lipofuscin
_______: somatic cells are programmed to die after a finite number of replications
Hayflick limit
_____: loss of compensory reserve but otherwise doing ok
Homeostenosis
_____: loss of lean body mass that is not considered normal physiology of aging
Sarcopenia
Cells deficient in telomerase are restricted at the ____ stage of the cell cycle
G1-S boundary
Describe CV changes associated with the dying process (4)
Hypotension, tachycardia progressing to bradycardia, mottling, cyanosis/cooling
Describe the mini-cog assessment.
3 item recall and clock drawing
In older patients, beta-adrenergic responses ______.
decrease
In older patients, functional residual capacity ______.
increases
In older patients, pulmonary compliance ______
decreases
In older patients, systolic and pulse pressure _____.
increase
In older patients, vital capacity ______.
decreases
Inhibition of ____ mimics caloric restriction and may promote longevity
mTOR
Name 4 physical exam signs relevant to pronoucing death.
Non-responsive, No pulse, No respirations, Absent cranial nerve reflexes
Name the 6 ADLs.
Bathing, Grooming, Feeding, Transferring, Toileting, Dressing
Palliative care or hospice care? Depends on prognosis
Hospice
Palliative care or hospice care? Goal is to improve quality of life at the end of life
Hospice
Palliative care or hospice care? Specialized medical care team for people with serious illness
Palliative care
What is the effect of restricted caloric intake on longevity?
Promotes longevity
What is the management for anorexia in the context of dying?
Educate family, oral care
What is the most common symptom associated with acute MI in an older patient?
dyspnea
What is the most important factor to a dying patient?
Designated decision maker
What is the treatment for pain in the context of the dying process?
Opioids
Which ADL is typically lost first?
Bathing
Which enzyme is lost with differentiation of cells?
Telomerase
Which genetic mutation? Enzyme that help synthesize Coenzyme Q; mutation slows down metabolism
Clk-1
Which genetic mutation? HDAC that promotes gene silencing and stabilizes rRNA genes
Sir2
Which genetic mutation? Inactivates PIP3, which slows down metabolism and promotes longevity
Age-1
Which genetic mutation? Receptor mutation that slows down metabolism to promote longevity
IGF Receptor
Which genetic mutation? Telomerase disease causing aplastic anemia
TERT
Which genetic mutation? Telomerase disease causing bone marrow failure
TERC
Which genetic mutation? Telomerase disease causing skin hyperpigmentation, oral leukoplakia, dystrophic nails, bone marrow failure, hepatic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis
dyskerin
Which syndrome? Mutation in helicase, aging beginning in early 20s with early onset diabetes, osteoporosis, cancer, and heart disease
Werner Syndrome
Which syndrome? Mutation in Lamin A leading to genomic instability, rapid aging with death ~age 13
Progeria
Which theory? Aging and death are programmed in the same way that early development Is regulated by genes
Clock Theory
Which theory? Aging results from accumulation of oxidative damage in tissues and cells over time
Rust Theory
