IDR block 4a Flashcards
All known examples of animal viruses with helical symmetry contain RNA genomes and have flexible nucleocapsids wound into a ball, surrounded by envelope. Except which one?
Rhabdoviruses
What are the three different types of shapes for viruses?
helical, icosahedral (roughly spherical), complex (non-symmetrical)
Icosahedral capsid-Poliovirus has what structural units?
VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4
___________ is sensitive to heat, drying, detergents, ether, chloroform & alcohol
Viral envelope
What feature of viruses, presents between the nucleocapsid & envelope (enveloped layer), stabilize the organization of viral glycoprotein and the lipid envelope, directs the viral genome to intracellular sites of viral assembly, facilitate viral budding
Matrix proteins
what feature of viruses present within the genome in some viruses and involved in transcription and replication of viral genome
polymerase enzymes
What are the three things are needed to have viral attachement?
Single Caspid, Viral Capsid Proteins, and Viral Capsids
Enveloped viruses lose what when crossing into a cell? When endocytosis happens, how is the envelope removed?
Virus envelope Lysosomes/acidification
Non-enveloped viruses sink onto membrane and what happens?
The viral genome is pushed into the cell
Non-enveloped viruses are endocytosed into the cell, how does the virus move into the cell?
While in the lysosome, the nucleic acid is removed from the endosome into the cytoplasm
What is reassortment? What two things can it cause
2 viral parental viruses, that can cause mixing many things rearranged Genetic drift Genetic shift
What is recombination?
2 viral parental viruses changes, normally 2 things
In the bacteriophage example what do clear and cloudy represent?
Cloudy –> lysogenic
Clear –> lytic
All DNA viruses assemble in the nucleus except? All RNA viruses assemble where?
Poxviruses Cytoplasm
Phenotypic masking or ____________: genome of one virus randomly incorporated in capsid composed of proteins from a different, or both, viruses.
transcapidation
_________are formed when the nucleocapsid of one virus acquires envelope from another type of virus.
Pseudotypes
Is Adenovirus encapsulated or unencapsulated? Generally very heat stable, what breaks down the envelope?
unencapsulated, citric acid
E1A, E1B messes up what body process? Blocks what?
Disrupt Cell Cycle Stops apoptosis
What is the most common time of year for adenovirus infection?
winter
What is the major route of spreading? What is another way of spreading this disease?
Talking about adenovirus
Oral-fecal route Droplet
What does Late 4 for adenovirus do, that is really important?
Responsible for attachment and hemagglutination; contains some serotyping antigens
What knob domain is used for adenovirus?
Coxsackie-adenovirus
What are the penton bases that interact with integrins, via adenovirus?
alphavbeta3 or alphavbeta5
What is the immunity for infants, just born? What do a lot of people have for immunity? (with respect to adenovirus)
Long lasting IgG, maternal antibodies for 6 months (infant)
Most women have bumped into adenovirus, have a naturally immunity against it due to a previous infection
What serotypes result in ARD? What does ARD lead to? (with respect to adenovirus)
Ad4 and Ad7
Pneumonia
What is adenovirus very similar too? How is it differentiated?
Strept. Pyogenous Viral has a runny nose
Acute hemorrhagic cystitis has what serotype numbers? Acute gastroenteritis has what serotype numbers? What are two or more symptoms that adenovirus can cause?
AD 11 and 12
AD 40 and 42
Pertussis and Intussusception –> intestine, folds in on itself
Assuming this was contracted from a shipyard, what is the causitive agent of this disease?
Adenovirus
How is adenovirus tested for via lab practices?
Adenovirus has much worse effects with what population group?
What is the treatment for adenovirus?
PCR
Immune compromised
No treatment
What does adenovirus not cause in patients, with respect to the inclusion bodies?
Cytomegaly
Paroviruses must be complemented with what in order to make DNA synthesis go?
Will attack what types of cells in order to replicate? Constantly in what phase?
Adenoviruses
Erthyroid Precursor cells, S phase
Cough, rash, joint aches, fever, inflammation in blood stream, can cause UPRT infection in what virus? The virus attacks blood group P antigen, globoside
Parovirus
If parovirus infects a baby or fetus, where does this site of infection take place?
Can cause what type of anemia?
Bone marrow (baby)
Liver (fetus)
aplastic anemia
Mostly adults have Arthropathy after what viral infection?
Said virus has two stages. What are the hallmark symptoms of these two stages? What type of HSR is going on?
Parvovirus
1: Dry cough
2: Slap cheek, HSR 3 Erythroid Precursor cell fallout
Parovirus is diagnosed how?
What is the treatment?
1 clinical symptoms, can use IgG B19 antibodies, or PCR
No treatment, supportive care
How does Parovirus start DNA replication?
Makes a self primer
Polyomaviridae occurs mostly in ___________ patients?
Polyomaviridae causes JC and BK virus which cause?
Immune-compromised patients
JC –> Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopthy
BK –> Renal Disease
HPV 16 and 18 are the highest risk to cause what?
In the HPV 16 and 18, what genes are used to stop RB and p53?
L1 and L2 are used for what?
Cancer
E6 and E7
Making the capsid
What does HPV normally cause?
What cell layer do they start in and what genes are used to make this go?
Warts on different body site locations?
E1 and E2, genome maintaince, basal
Cervical dysplasia & neoplasia is caused by what serotypes in HPV?
What oral mucosa strains are associated oral mucosa?
HPV16 and HPV 18
HPV6 and HPV 11
What will E6 and E7 genes for HPV stop?
Apoptosis
With an MCV infection, what will be seen in the inclusion bodies?
Henderson Patterson Bodies
With a Pox virus, what enzyme must the virus provide?
DNA dependent RNA polymerase
What is seen in histological sample or represents DNA replication outside of the nucleus?
Guarnieri Body
What does the drug Cidofovir do?
Kills cells that are virally infected
What virus is from Sheep and Goats, need direct contact of innoculation of fluids, self resolving?
What term describes another source of movement?
Where are the orf viruses usually?
Orf Viruses
Fomites
Hands
What is a good way to separate smallpox and human cowpox?
Smallpox is oral to blood to lungs
Human Cowpox moves hands to head
Where will MCV not be located?
How does someone normally get MCV?
hands and feet
traumatic innoculation
What is seen in a histological slide for Adeno viruses? What is not seen in the slide?
Large Vacuoles
Cell enlargement
The chickenpox and smallpox rash can be differentiated how?
Smallpox has a slow onset, Chickenpox has a fast onset
Smallpox is on the hands and feet, Chickenpox is mostly torso
Chickenpox has a lot raised ulcers that are growing and healing, Smallpox the rashes are deep raised and not the life cycle that chicken pox
What is the histological view of Papillomaviridae virus?
Koliocytes, double nucleus, halo around nucleus
What does the drug Imiquinod (Aldura) give in order to make a vaccine?
TLR7, increase inflammation
What does Gardasil treat, HPV wise?
What does Cervarix treat, HPV wise?
6, 11, 16, 18
16, 18
Other than Guarnieri bodies, what Lab method can be used for detection?
PCR
Herpes virus has what enzyme that is a necessity for DNA replication?
What enzyme is made via the herpes virus to make the building blocks of DNA?
DNA Depependent DNA polyermase
Thymidine Kinase
- Headaches
- Loss of coordination, clumsiness
- Loss of language ability (aphasia)
- Memory loss
- Vision problems
- Weakness of the legs and arms that gets worse
What disease is this, what is the main part?
PML
Polymorphia
What is the vaccine derived from for smallpox?
Cow pox
What is this viral sample and the histological sample?
What is the other stain/smear that goes with viral sample? How are the two differentiated? via a stain/what is seen?
Cowdry Type A
HSV1 and HSV2
Tzank Smear, Multinucleated Cells (Synchita)
When in the latent phase, circularizes, resides in the nucleus as a ____________. Will flip over to lytic, for what reasons?
episome
Stress, immunosuppresion, UV light, and corticosteroids
What cell-mediated immunity happens as a result of the herpes virus?
Shift away towards antibody
Can HSV cross the placenta? What can HSV2 cause in an immunecompromised patient?
Yes
Meningitis
What is the difference between Herpes Symplex virus and S. Pyogenous via physical examination?
S. Pyogenous: Red petechial dots
HSV: White Petechial Dots
What disease does the Herpes virus cause, with the brain, the patient does not need to be immuncompromised, but reduced CMI, makes the process more likely?
Herpes encephalitis
What DNA strand virus causes this problem?
Herpetic Keratitis
What branch of the Herpes Virus is responsible for the raised wounds on a person’s finger, occurs in nurses, physicians, or thumb-sucking children?
Herpetic whitlow
What branch of the herpes virus is eschanged through cuts, abrasion, through wrestling or rubgy?
Herpes gladiatorum
What branch of the herpes virus is acquired by children that spreads through the skin, liver, and other organs?
Eczema Herpes
HSV makes what disease worse and changes the natural history of HSV?
HIV
HSV _______(inflammation of the anus and lining of the rectum) found in the lower rectum and anus.
proctitis
What does Neonate HSV look like?
How does the baby get it?
Septic, vesicular lesions may be present, HSV disseminates to the liver, lung, CNS, Progression of the infection to the CNS results in death, mental retardation, or neurologic disability, even with treatment.
In utero, Vaginal Canal, or family members (cold sore)
What is the antiviral drug of choice against Herpes?
What does HSV 3 show up as? What can a recurrent infection become?
Acyclovir
Chickenpox, Varicella-Zoster Virus
How does chicken pox and HSV-1 move from person to person?
Follow the progression of the vesicle
Macules –> ___________ –>Vesicles –>___________
–> Crusts
Respiratory
Papules
Pustules
What is the incubation time for Varicella (chickenpox)?
Does Smallpox/Chickenpox get on the palms/soles?
Where is the varicella, shingles virus most likely to show up?
14 days
Chicken pox is no
Smallpox is yes
Belt or Girdle area
What is another complication of Shingles, besides meningitis and encephalitis?
When determining Varicella-Zoster, is a lab test needed? What type of smear is used? What other antigen test is used?
Interstial Pneumonia
No real Lab test needed
Tzanck Smear
Fluorescent Antibody to membrane antigen, PCR in the future
What is a live attenuated vaccine that is available for adults for shingles?
What is the live attenuated vaccine that is available for children, for shingles?
Zostavax
Varivax
What do all the active herpes virus vaccines all act against in their active moiety?
is the chickenpox rash itchy or no?
Triphosphates
Yes
What are these three cancer types connected too?
–AfBL (endemic African Burkitt’s lymphoma)
–Hodgkin disease, Leukemia
–Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Where does the virus stay active or latent?
EBV virus
B Lymphocyte
Besides EBV what is another gamma HSV virus? What is the number associated with it?
Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus
HHV-8
A herpes viral Genome is transcribed by the _______________________ and is regulated by viral and cellular nuclear factors
EBV makes too many what?
cellular DNA dependent RNA polymerase
Antibodies via B cells against too many targets
If an individual has Kaposi-Sarcoma, normally they have ________ as well. This rash is very similar to _______________.
HIV
Barton Hesalea
