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IDR > IDR block 3b > Flashcards

IDR block 3b Flashcards

1
Q

The alternate transpeptidase enzyme is encoded by what? Can be transferred with what other gene?

A

MecA- resistant to Beta Lactams PVL

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2
Q

What bacteria can cause pneumonia to sepsis to meningitis to brain damage in survivors?

A

S. Aglactiae Neonates

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3
Q

What two strept bacteria are Diplococci?

What two Nisseria Species are Diplococci?

A

S. Pneumoniae and Entercoccus

N. Gonorrhea and N. Meningiditis

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4
Q

Encapsulate bacteria are pros at what type of bacterial genetics?

A

Natural transformation, the covered in glue idea, can grab random bits of DNA

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5
Q

What gene is needed to move encapsulated bacteria genetics?

A

RecA

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6
Q

What bacteria has PsPA, CBPA, PsPC? Autolysins at high populations?

A

Strept Pneumoniae

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7
Q

What is the reason bacteria they are alpha hemolytic?

A

Pneumolysin

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8
Q

What bacteria is responsible for otitis media?

A

S. Pneumoniae and S. Aureus

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9
Q

How is S. Pneumonia moved across the cell membrane?

A

Polymeric Ig Receptor

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10
Q

What two streptococci bacteria are not going to harm people?

A

Strept. Salivarius and Strept. Mitis

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11
Q

The spore forming bacteria are or are not well-adapted to the human body?

A

Are not

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12
Q

Spore forming bacteria are not well-adapted to the human body, what is an exception to this rule?

A

C. Difficle

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13
Q

What are the two virulence factors on B. Anthracus? What do they have in common?

A

Lethal factor and Edema factor The B factor is the same on both A/B toxins, protection factor

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14
Q

What will not present with inflammation via spore forming, non motile, gram positive bacteria?

A

Cutaneous Anthrax

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15
Q

VanA cassette resists ___________, due to an alternate peptidoglycan structure MecA gene.

A

vancomycin, enterococcus alternate transpeptidase

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16
Q

What is surface protein on M. Tuberculosis that prevents phagosome/lysosome conjuction?

A

PknG

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17
Q

What will the mucus look like when coughing up from TB? What will the mucus look like when coughing up the from S. Pneumoniae?

A

Red blood tinged with mucus Red Brown Mucus

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18
Q

What disease causes fever besides, IL-6? Attractant for cytoxic T cells, induce apoptosis in targeted cells, causes an increase in metabolism?

A

IL-12 TNF

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19
Q

What are the two specialized media plates that can grow M. Tuberculosis? What are the agar plates treated with before growing TB, because something else might grow on the plate before the TB has a chance to grow?

A

Lowenstein-Jensen Medium and Middlebrook Agar

NaOH

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20
Q

If the TB skin test is positive, what does TB react too? What cells are responsible for the TB skin test reaction?

A

Surface protein of TB M. Tuberculosis has memory T cells via a Type 4 HSR

21
Q

What is an autoimmune disease that is very similar to TB that must be compared?

A

Sarcoidosis

22
Q

What drug can be given, that must be activated by catalase? Will be toxic to the what?

A

Isoniazid and the liver stops mycolic synthesis

23
Q

What does the Ethambutol inhibit the synthesis thereof?

A

lipoarabinomannan

24
Q

What drug is used to disrupt ATP synthesis and plasma membrane parts? What other drug is used, inhibits RNA polymerase?

A

pyrazinamide Rifampin

25
Q

How many drugs does it take to make MDR? How many drugs does it take to make XDR?

A

2 4

26
Q

What is Dapson used for? What is sulfanilamide used for? What bacteria is this used for?

A

Macrophage movement Stops folate synthesis Mycobacterium Leprae

27
Q

What drug can treat lepropsy, reverse it, messes up limb development, WHO says you cannot use it developing countries?

A

Thalidomide

28
Q

Propionbacterium Acnes is off what? What does the Benzoyl Peroxide do?

A

Sebum in the pores Dissolves sebum

29
Q

What does Salicyclic acid do for P. Acnes?

What does Retinol do for P. Acnes?

A

Sloughes off keratin

Increases Cell Turnover

30
Q

What does lowstein-jensen media or middlebrook agar show up for?

A

TB skin test, use NAOH to make sure that the sample is good

31
Q

What size of a TB skin test is the most concerning?

A

Less than 5 mm, do not have a good cell mediated response

32
Q

What does the Buffered charcoal show in the augar, if something grows? What is the virulence factor of this bacteria?

A

Nocardia Cord Factor (Mycolic Acid and Trehalose)

33
Q

What allows nocardia to survive in the macrophages and dendritic cells?

A

Failure of phagosome and lysosome fusion

34
Q

What grows on buffered charcoal? What grows on black tellurite?

A

Nocardia -> aerial hyphaie, very fastidious bacteria C. Diptheria

35
Q

What grows on chocolate agar? What grows on MaConkey agar? What color will this turn with lactose?

A

Chocolate: used for cultivation of bacteria that need components from RBCs (especially hemoglobin) but lack enzymes to break down blood cells on their own (for fastidious organisms)

MaConkey: only grows gram negative, lyses bile salts that are dealing with peptidoglycan construction Pink

36
Q

What grows on blood agar? What grows on Bordet-Genu or Rogan-Lowe agar? What type of augar is this, what is a better way to do this?

A

Blood Augar allows us to determine if the patient can lyse RBC or not B. Pertussis, use PCR, takes 7 days to grow via the augar

37
Q

_______________ contains iron like TSI slants do, so bacteria that produce H2S (like Salmonella) grow into black colonies on these plates (Name the augar or media)

A

Hektoen enteric agar

38
Q

What bacteria are formed in tetrads, less than 1 um, in many different colors, gamma hemolytic?

A

Micrococcus Kytococcus and Roseaus

39
Q

What is going on with the following test tubes?

What is this being used to difereniate?

A

Fermenting glucose from red to yellow, the space in between them signals the gas production

Black means Hydrogen Sulfide

Gram Negative

40
Q

Different toxins lysis of Red Blood Cells, most lysis toxins aim for what target molecule?

S. Aureus and E. Coli both aim for what?

A

Cholesterol

Plasma Membrane

41
Q

What factor makes Beta Hemolysis possible in C. Perfringes?

What color does the media turn via B hemolytic?

A

Phospholipase C

Gold

42
Q

What bacteria has a polyglutamate capsule?

A

B. Anthrasus

43
Q

What is the hemolysis is B. Cereus?

What is the hemolysis of B. Anthrasus?

A

Beta Hemolytic

Gamma Hemolytic

44
Q

What is the virulence factor for Nocardia?

What are the parts?

What factors make Nocardia hard to kill?

A

Cord Factor

Mycolic Acid adn Trehalose

Catalase and SOD

45
Q

What myobacterium bacteria has slow resolving granulomas, usually involved with seawater? How does it travel?

What myobacterium causes scrofuloa, Granulomas, Cervical Lymphadenitis? What area of the world? Can hide in what types of cells?

A

Myobacterium Marinum, granulomas move through lymphatic system to a regional lymph node, up from a site of traumatic innoculation

Myobacerium Scrofuluceum, low developing countries, can be inside neutrophils

46
Q

What Myobacterium does not happen in healthy people, cause Fever Symptoms in patients with low CMI, and cause wasting away, cavitory lesions? How can people get this infection?

What will be low indicating low cell mediated immunity?

A

Myobacterium Avium, seen in the environment, found in nature

Low CD4

47
Q

Lactobacillus, Gardnerella Vaginalis, and Mobiluncus are what metabolism species?

A

Anaerobe

48
Q

Propionbacterium acnes is what metabolism species?

Corynebacterium is what metabolism species?

A

Aerotolerant

Aerobic/Facultatively anaerobic

49
Q

Listeria Monocytogens is what metabolism?

E. Rhusiopathiae, the pig one, is what metabolism?

A

Facultative anaerobic

Microaerophilic: 5-10% CO2

IDR (13 decks)

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