Block2b Flashcards
TH1 is turned off by what cytokines?
IL-10 and IL-4
TH2 is turned off by what cytokines?
IL-12 and IFN gamma
Does TI-1 or TI-2 use cross linking, pulling multiple receptors together?
TI-2
What three things does B-cell activation alone result there in?
Clonal Expansion interact with T-helper cells secrete low levels of IgM
Any self-reacting T cell that is allowed to leave the thymus may be prevented from attacking self by peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Name three of these mechanisms
Peripheral clonal anergy Regulatory T cells Immune privileged site inhibition or destruction of lymphocytes
Central Tolerance prevents T-Cells and B-cells interacting through what process of elimination?
Negative Seletion
Peripheral Tolerance: B cell and T cells can react to self antigen but are not activated, by what process?
Self Regulatory T/B cells
Thymus dependent cells prefer to bind to what?
Proteins and glycoproteins
TI-2 antigens, use what state in order to generate a large signal?
Pack receptors and co-receptors closely together in order to generate a signal
B cell activation, thymus independent, causes stimulation of what co-receptor and expression of a low level of what antibody?
B7 IgM
During MHCII and TCR interaction CD3 interacts with what cell signaling pathway
LCK protein with ITAMS
When there is class switching, there is a loss of ______________in the heavy chain. The ________________ is untouched, the affinity and specificity are unchanged.
DNA Variable region
Pollen associated allergy such as birch pollen, what other foods can be problematic?
apple, mango, peach, celery, and carrot
House dust mite, German Cockroach, chitin, what other foods can be problematic?
Shrimp Tropomysin, snails
Latex, what other foods will be problematic?
avocado, potato, banana, tomato, chestnut, kiwi
What cells are responsible for dermatitis under the skin?
Dendritic Cells
When IgE binds -> what pathway and Interleukin will most likely be used?
Th2 and IL-4
What hypersensitivity reaction results from an exposure over a long period of time, that at some point quickly manifests itself?
Type 1 HSR Sensitization phase becomes an elicitation phase, causing a problem
Plasma Cells have an extensive what when making antibodies?
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Why doesn’t cooking something, eliminate the allergy problem?
The allergy is the result of an antigen that will bind to IgE, because of this, the antigen will not be destroyed, still linear and still will attach to receptor
During Mast cell stimulation, what induces platelet activating factor, and other lipid mediators? What enzyme is secreted that destroys elastic/connective tissue through out this process?
Prostaglandins Tryptase
What is rhinitis? What granulocyte is responsible for discharge that will kick off inflammation?
Runny Nose Eosinophil
When there is acute inflammation, what is cytokines are used? What do they do?
Histamine, Prostaglandin, and Leukotrienes Histamine: Vasodilation Prostaglandin: Bronchoconstriction Leukotrienes: Mucus
When there is chronic inflammation, what cytokines are used?
IL-4, IL-5, TNF alpha, PAF Eosinophil, Basophil, and Endothelial Migration
What does IL-4 push the TH2 pathway towards?
Mast Cells, Eosinophils, and IgE
IL-4 and IL-10 pushs towards TH2 and ________
IgG4
Nasal discharge is mostly filled with what?
Eosinophils
What is a big difference between type 1 HSR and Type II and III?
Type I no fever Type II and III fever and complement cascade
Atopic Utrica is what?
itchy, inflamed hives
Children that develop atopic dermatitis and go onto to develop ___________, __________, and other allergies
asthma hay fever
The wheal and flare, flare is made via axon reflex, what makes the wheal?
Histamine and vasodilation of interstitial fluid
Even if tryptase is normal, that did not exclude an ________________ reaction, and normally doesn’t happen during what reactions?
allergic tryptase levels are not normally elevated in food related anaphylaxis
Natural Killer cells have what markers? Different than regular T cells
CD16, CD56, no CD3, some CD2, CD7, and some CD8
What is the CD marker for monocytes and macrophages?
CD14
Plasma Cells made after how long of infection? How long after infection are antibodies made via plasma cells and memory B cells made?
4-7 Days 7-10 days
After memory cells are called upon, the secrete what cytokines and dont express what cytokine anymore?
IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma IL-7
Is intrinsic asthma a type I HSR? Is extrinsic asthma a type I HSR?
NO Extrinsic is a yes
Type III HSR has what granulocyte invade the most?
neutrophil
Type II and III HSR use mainly what?
Antibodies and IgG, and some IgM
What type of reactions are nickel or poison ivy reactions? What types of molecules do they use?
Type IV HSR memory T cells, TH1 and CD4 or CD8/MHC1
What type of reaction is this? How long would it take? What is the size?
Type 1 HSR
15 minutes, 5mm
Sarcoidosis has what abnormalities?
Crohn’s disease has what abnormalities?
T cells are confused, improper granuloma the wrong point, HLA-1 and HLA-B8 clusters maybe bad
Crohn’s disease, inflammed bowel, delta gamma or too much TNF alpha
CDR1 and CDR2 are mutated during what?
Somatic Hypermutation, after the 1st BT tango
IgA is found in what form in the plasma? What formed is in transfered in?
monomer
dimer
