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IDR > Block2b > Flashcards

Block2b Flashcards

1
Q

TH1 is turned off by what cytokines?

A

IL-10 and IL-4

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2
Q

TH2 is turned off by what cytokines?

A

IL-12 and IFN gamma

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3
Q

Does TI-1 or TI-2 use cross linking, pulling multiple receptors together?

A

TI-2

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4
Q

What three things does B-cell activation alone result there in?

A

Clonal Expansion interact with T-helper cells secrete low levels of IgM

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5
Q

Any self-reacting T cell that is allowed to leave the thymus may be prevented from attacking self by peripheral tolerance mechanisms. Name three of these mechanisms

A

Peripheral clonal anergy Regulatory T cells Immune privileged site inhibition or destruction of lymphocytes

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6
Q

Central Tolerance prevents T-Cells and B-cells interacting through what process of elimination?

A

Negative Seletion

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7
Q

Peripheral Tolerance: B cell and T cells can react to self antigen but are not activated, by what process?

A

Self Regulatory T/B cells

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8
Q

Thymus dependent cells prefer to bind to what?

A

Proteins and glycoproteins

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9
Q

TI-2 antigens, use what state in order to generate a large signal?

A

Pack receptors and co-receptors closely together in order to generate a signal

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10
Q

B cell activation, thymus independent, causes stimulation of what co-receptor and expression of a low level of what antibody?

A

B7 IgM

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11
Q

During MHCII and TCR interaction CD3 interacts with what cell signaling pathway

A

LCK protein with ITAMS

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12
Q

When there is class switching, there is a loss of ______________in the heavy chain. The ________________ is untouched, the affinity and specificity are unchanged.

A

DNA Variable region

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13
Q

Pollen associated allergy such as birch pollen, what other foods can be problematic?

A

apple, mango, peach, celery, and carrot

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14
Q

House dust mite, German Cockroach, chitin, what other foods can be problematic?

A

Shrimp Tropomysin, snails

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15
Q

Latex, what other foods will be problematic?

A

avocado, potato, banana, tomato, chestnut, kiwi

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16
Q

What cells are responsible for dermatitis under the skin?

A

Dendritic Cells

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17
Q

When IgE binds -> what pathway and Interleukin will most likely be used?

A

Th2 and IL-4

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18
Q

What hypersensitivity reaction results from an exposure over a long period of time, that at some point quickly manifests itself?

A

Type 1 HSR Sensitization phase becomes an elicitation phase, causing a problem

19
Q

Plasma Cells have an extensive what when making antibodies?

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

20
Q

Why doesn’t cooking something, eliminate the allergy problem?

A

The allergy is the result of an antigen that will bind to IgE, because of this, the antigen will not be destroyed, still linear and still will attach to receptor

21
Q

During Mast cell stimulation, what induces platelet activating factor, and other lipid mediators? What enzyme is secreted that destroys elastic/connective tissue through out this process?

A

Prostaglandins Tryptase

22
Q

What is rhinitis? What granulocyte is responsible for discharge that will kick off inflammation?

A

Runny Nose Eosinophil

23
Q

When there is acute inflammation, what is cytokines are used? What do they do?

A

Histamine, Prostaglandin, and Leukotrienes Histamine: Vasodilation Prostaglandin: Bronchoconstriction Leukotrienes: Mucus

24
Q

When there is chronic inflammation, what cytokines are used?

A

IL-4, IL-5, TNF alpha, PAF Eosinophil, Basophil, and Endothelial Migration

25
Q

What does IL-4 push the TH2 pathway towards?

A

Mast Cells, Eosinophils, and IgE

26
Q

IL-4 and IL-10 pushs towards TH2 and ________

A

IgG4

27
Q

Nasal discharge is mostly filled with what?

A

Eosinophils

28
Q

What is a big difference between type 1 HSR and Type II and III?

A

Type I no fever Type II and III fever and complement cascade

29
Q

Atopic Utrica is what?

A

itchy, inflamed hives

30
Q

Children that develop atopic dermatitis and go onto to develop ___________, __________, and other allergies

A

asthma hay fever

31
Q

The wheal and flare, flare is made via axon reflex, what makes the wheal?

A

Histamine and vasodilation of interstitial fluid

32
Q

Even if tryptase is normal, that did not exclude an ________________ reaction, and normally doesn’t happen during what reactions?

A

allergic tryptase levels are not normally elevated in food related anaphylaxis

33
Q

Natural Killer cells have what markers? Different than regular T cells

A

CD16, CD56, no CD3, some CD2, CD7, and some CD8

34
Q

What is the CD marker for monocytes and macrophages?

A

CD14

35
Q

Plasma Cells made after how long of infection? How long after infection are antibodies made via plasma cells and memory B cells made?

A

4-7 Days 7-10 days

36
Q

After memory cells are called upon, the secrete what cytokines and dont express what cytokine anymore?

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma IL-7

37
Q

Is intrinsic asthma a type I HSR? Is extrinsic asthma a type I HSR?

A

NO Extrinsic is a yes

38
Q

Type III HSR has what granulocyte invade the most?

A

neutrophil

39
Q

Type II and III HSR use mainly what?

A

Antibodies and IgG, and some IgM

40
Q

What type of reactions are nickel or poison ivy reactions? What types of molecules do they use?

A

Type IV HSR memory T cells, TH1 and CD4 or CD8/MHC1

41
Q

What type of reaction is this? How long would it take? What is the size?

A

Type 1 HSR

15 minutes, 5mm

42
Q

Sarcoidosis has what abnormalities?

Crohn’s disease has what abnormalities?

A

T cells are confused, improper granuloma the wrong point, HLA-1 and HLA-B8 clusters maybe bad

Crohn’s disease, inflammed bowel, delta gamma or too much TNF alpha

43
Q

CDR1 and CDR2 are mutated during what?

A

Somatic Hypermutation, after the 1st BT tango

44
Q

IgA is found in what form in the plasma? What formed is in transfered in?

A

monomer

dimer

IDR (13 decks)

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