IB History QRT2 #1

Question 1

Ballot stuffing

Answer 1

Electoral fraud: Casting illegal votes or submitting more than one ballot per voter when only one ballot per voter is permitted

Question 2

Poll tax

Answer 2

A requirement that citizens must pay a tax before voting; tactics used to disenfranchise African-American voters.

Question 3

Literacy test

Answer 3

Test was a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African-Americans from voting.
-structured in a way to make it almost impossible to pass.

Question 4

Grandfather Clause

Answer 4

a clause exempting certain classes of people or things from the requirements of a piece of legislation; used in the South to ensure that poor whites would not be disenfranchised alongside African-Americans.

Question 5

Whites-only primary

Answer 5

A primary election in which African Americans were prohibited from voting.

Question 6

“Solid South”

Answer 6

• The post-Reconstruction goal
• achieved by the early 20th century
• almost complete electoral control of the South by the Democratic Party.

Question 7

Atlanta Compromise

Answer 7

-1895
- Booker T. Washington
-urged whites and African Americans to work together for the progress of all
- Said at Cotton States Exposition in Atlanta,
- interpreted as approving racial segregation.

Question 8

Booker T Washington

Answer 8

-Black American,
- born into slavery,
- who believed that the key to equal rights was proof of economic value
-Head of the Tuskegee Institute.

Question 9

Tuskegee Institute

Answer 9

a vocational college for African Americans in Alabama, founded by Booker T. Washington.

Question 10

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs)

Answer 10

• established in the aftermath of the Civil War,
• primarily in the South.
• Public institutions = Congress under the Morrill Act,
• Private Institutions = Northerns based religous missionary ograzations
• The second Morrill Act of 1890 required states to establish institutions for Black students if their existing states college system barred African-Americans.
• These schools were their only opportunity for a higher education.

Question 11

Social Darwinism

Answer 11

-Theory
-Herbert Spencer
- peoples are subject to the same Darwinian laws of natural selection as plants and animals.

used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism and to discourage intervention and reform.

Question 12

Eugenics

Answer 12

The orginization of reproduction to make certain desirable traits more common and passed down through generations.

Question 13

W.E.B. DuBois

Answer 13

• First Black person to earn a PhD from Harvard.
• Opposed Booker T. Washington.
• Wanted social and political integration and encouraged African-Americans to actively resist segregation.
• Believed in higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a “Talented Tenth”.
• Founder of the Niagara Movement

Question 14

Talented Tenth

Answer 14

A term used by W.E.B. DuBois for the top 10 percent of educated African Americans. He called on them to develop new strategies to advocate for civil rights.

Question 15

Ida B Wells

Answer 15

African American journalist, women’s rights, and civil rights activist. Researched and published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcars or shop in white owned stores.

Question 16

Lily-white movement

Answer 16

Anti-Black political movement Republican Party
Late 19th and early 20th century.
Break the Democratic “Solid South”

Question 17

Wilmington Massacre (1898)

Answer 17

• state’s white conservative Democratic Party conspired,
• mob of 2,000 white men
• overthrow the local Fusionist government
• expelling Black leaders from the city
• destroying the property and businesses of Black citizens
• killing between 60 and 300 people.

Question 18

Atlanta Race Riot of 1906

Answer 18

• 48 hour riot in Atlanta
• white fears of economic competition and false newspaper accounts of African-American men attacking white women.
• several African-Americans were killed during the riot and Black businesses and neighborhoods were ransacked.

Question 19

Red Summer 1919

Answer 19

• bloody race riots
• summer and autumn of 1919.
• several cities in both the North and South of the United States.
• White fears of Black economic competition caused by the Great Migration
• return of Black soldiers from service in WWI drove the violence.

Question 20

Tulsa Massacre of 1921

Answer 20

The burning and destruction of the Greenwood neighborhood in Tulsa, Oklahoma, which was also known as Black Wall Street.