IB History #4 QRT.3

Question 1

Congress of the People (COP)

Answer 1

• Convened in 1955
• congress of anti-apartheid groups
• Included ANC.
• Created to unite all South African racial groups against apartheid
• expand membership
• broaden the base of the ANC and anti-apartheid movement in general.
• Set to get the people’s input
• Info was used to draft the Freedom Charter.

Question 2

Freedom Charter

Answer 2

• Statement of principles
• Congress Alliance.
• Called for a fundamental restructuring of South African: society, democratic, equal South Africa.

Question 3

Treason Trial

156 people got arrested and accused of treason because..

Answer 3

• A Trial
• 156 people got arrested and accused of treason
• leaders of the anti-apartheid movement
• lasted four years
• ended in: resistance to apartheid had been nonviolent.

Question 4

Alexandra Bus Boycott (1957)

Answer 4

• Black South Africans
• Alexandra suburb of Johannesburg
• refused to pay the 25% increase in bus fares
• chose to walk or cycle to work each day.

Question 5

Pan Africanist Congress (PAC)

Answer 5

• anti-apartheid organization
• led by Robert Sobukwe
• formed by young radicals who split from the ANC
• distinguished themselves through African Nationalism
• rejected the multiracial approach of the ANC
• saw themselves as part of the anti-colonial movement sweeping Africa

Question 6

Robert Sobukwe

Answer 6

• Leader of PAC
• Split from the ANC
• viewed ANC as too cautious
• believed ANC should exclude whites and only work with other Black Africans.

Question 7

Sharpeville Massacre (1960)

Answer 7

• Protest against pass laws
• by the PAC.
• South African Police suppressed the protest by firing indiscriminately into the crowd
• killed 69 and injuring 180.
• international condemnation
• After: ANC underook armed resistance to apartheid, forcing it “underground”.

Question 8

Umkhonto we Sizwe (Spear of the Nation)

Answer 8

• Militant branch of the ANC
• AKA: MK.
• Armed struggle against the government
• In response to Sharpeville Massacre.

Question 9

Rivonia Trial

Answer 9

• Trial of ANC/MK
• captured after a raid on their safehouse.
• accused of sabotage and fomenting revolution.
• Nelson Mandela and other leaders were found guilty and sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island.