HistoryIB #2 (QRT2)

Question 1

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Answer 1

Organization founded in 1910
- Leading African American
- White allies
- Advocating equal rights for African Americans

Question 2

The Crisis

Answer 2

-The NAACP’s official magazine
-Edited by WEB DuBois.
-Worlds oldest Black-orientated magazine.
About civil rights, history, politics, and culture.
-Educate and challenge readers about the issues that plagued African American and other communities of color.

Question 3

Niagara Movement

Answer 3

W.E.B. Du Bois and other young activists came together at Niagara Falls in 1905 to demand full black equality.
Demanded that African Americans get right to vote in states, segregation be abolished, and discriminatory barriers be removed.

Question 4

Great Migration

Answer 4

The migration of over 400,000 African Americans from the rural South to the industrial cities of the North during and after WWI

Question 5

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 5

• When African Americans flourished in writing, music, intelellcutals, and social aspects.
• 1920
• Centered in Harlem, New york

Question 5

Zora Neal Hurston

Answer 5

American folklorist and author.
- “Their Eyes Were Watching God”. Associated with Harlem Renaissance

Question 6

Langston Hughes

Answer 6

Leading African American poet who described the rich culture of African American life using rhythms influenced by jazz music. He wrote of African American hope and defiance, as well as the culture of Harlem and also had a major impact on the Harlem Renaissance.

Question 7

“New Negro” Movement

Answer 7

a term popularized by Alain Leroy Locke during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation.

Question 8

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

Answer 8

A Harlem-based group, led by charismatic, Jamaican-born Marcus Garvey, that arose in the 1920s to mobilize African American workers and champion black separatism.

Question 9

“Back-to-Africa” Movement

Answer 9

Encouraged those of African decent to return to Africa. In the 20th century, championed primarily by Marcus Garvey

Question 10

Pan-Africanism

Answer 10

the idea that people of African descent, in all parts of the world, have a common heritage and destiny and should cooperate in political action.

Question 11

Marcus Garvey

Answer 11

Jamaican born Black leader during the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

Question 12

Mary McLeod Bethune

Answer 12

Educator, feminist, and Civil Rights activist. Founded the National Council for Negro Women and served as an advisor to President Franklin D Roosevelt as part of his unofficial “Black Cabinet”

Question 13

Ella Baker

Answer 13

Behind the scenes Civil Rights organizer who worked alongside the most prominent activists of her day. Mentored a new generation of activists (Bob Moses, Diane Nash, Stokley Carmichael) and was a lead strategist for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee where she promoted grassroots organizing.

Question 14

A Phillip Randolph

Answer 14

He was the black leader of The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters. He demanded equal opportunities in war jobs and armed forces during WWII. He helped encourage the end of segregation in the military, although it was accomplished after the war.

Question 15

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

Answer 15

Civil Rights organization founded in 1942 in Chicago by James Farmer and other members of the Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) that espoused nonviolent direct action. In 1961 CORE organized the Freedom Rides on interstate bus lines throughout the South to bring attention to blatant violations of recent Supreme Court rulings against segregation in interstate commerce.

Question 16

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

Answer 16

A prominent black trade union of railroad car porters working for the Pullman Company.

Question 17

E.D. Nixon

Answer 17

President of Alabama NAACP and head of local Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters union. Brought together black ministers to coordinate the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

Question 18

Bayard Rustin

Answer 18

Behind the scenes Civil Rights activist who advised leaders from A Phillip Randolph to MLK. Active in the Civil Rights movement from the 1930s onward, he helped organize the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. Sidelined as a public figure because of his sexuality.

Question 19

Executive Order 8802

Answer 19

Order signed by FDR in 1941 that prohibited “discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin” and established the Fair Employment Practice Commission (FEPC) (which lacked enforcement authority).