IB History #3 QRT3 Flashcards
Hendrik Frensch (HF) Verwoerd
A prime minister who helped design…
- Prime Minister of South Africa (1958-1966).
- An Afrikaner
- Nationalist
- Authoritarian tendencies,
- Helped design Petty Apartheid policies
- Assassinated in 1966.
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949
Banned marriage between…
Banned marriages between whites and non-whites.
Immorality Act of 1950
Banned sexual relations between…
Banned all sexual relations between whites & non-whites.
Population Registration Act of 1950
Residents of SA had to be catagorized into…
Those who lived in Aouth Africa HAD to be sorted into racial catagories:
- Black
- White
- Coloured (mixed)
- Indian
Group Areas Act of 1950
Assigned racial groups = assigned areas for homes…
- system of urban apartheid
- assigned racial groups
- residential V.S. business sections.
- Non-whites= excluded from urban areas.
- members of other racial groups had one year to vacuate the premises
- If they didn’t, they’d get forcibly evicted.
Pass Laws Act (1952)
16+ Black South Africans had to carry a passbook in…
- Formally known as The Natives Act of 1952
- repealed regional passes
- replaced them with a nationwide pass law.
- All Black South Africans (16+) had to carry a passbook with them at all times in white areas.
- Following info: where, when, and for how long a person could remain.
Reference books
Passbooks Black south Africans had to carry…
- AKA: pass book
- internal passport
- controlled movements of Black South Africans.
- Any white person could ask for a Black person to show their reference book
- if caught without one (or without a valid entry) they would be:
- fined
- arrested
- imprisonment.
Reservation of Separate Amenities Act (1953)
Legalized seperation of public premises…
Legalized separation of public premises, vehicles, and services.
Bantu Education Act of 1953
Segregated education in South Africa that taught…
- Segregated education in South Africa
- education of Black South Africans under state.
- Black schools and teachers received much lower funding/compensation.
- The curriculum for Black students was designed to direct them into domestic service or unskilled mining or manufacturing labor.
- Visioned African societies as: backwards and undeveloped.
Steve Biko
Political orginizer who developed the ideology of…
- Political organizer (1960’s & 1970’s)
- leading member of South African Student’s Organisation.
- Developed the ideology of Black Consciousness.
- powerful critic of Bantu education
- believed it was dehumanizing Black people
- Murdered in police custody in 1977.
The Promotion of Bantu Self-Government Act (1959)
All Black South Africans would have to reside in the Bantustans…
- Re-organized
- expanded native reserves into “fully fledged independent Bantustan.”
- End Goal: All Black South Africans would have to reside in the Bantustans and would become citizens of these homelands instead of South Africa
- This reserved South Africa exclusively for whites.
Defiance Campaign (1952)
Defiance against apartheid/ non-violent civil…
- new/young leadership of the ANC
- campaign
- defiance against apartheid
- non-violent civil disobedience.
- Black volunteers burned their pass books
- others occupied “whites-only” spaces.
- protestors would not defend themselves
- mass imprisonment = overwhelming the government.
Native Re-Settlement Act (1954)
- Empowered government
- removal Africans from any area within and next to the magisterial district of Johannesburg. Led to the forced displacement of Black South Africans from the neighborhood of Sophiatown to the Meadowlands in Soweto.
Group Areas Development Act (1955)
Passed to help further empower the government to implement the Group Areas Act of 1950 and further exclude non-whites form living in the most developed areas.
South African Communist Party (SAACP)
Worked closely with the ANC after it was banned by the government and played a prominent role in the development of the Freedom Charter. The younger generation of ANC leadership in the 1950’s and 1960’s were deeply influenced by the Marxist ideology of the SAACP
African National Congress (ANC)
the main organization that opposed apartheid and pushed for majority rule in South Africa, originally as a middle-class oriented organization with a cautious, constitutional approach to fighting segregation. During 1940’s it reoriented to become more of a working class party (allying with squatters groups, workers, agrarian workers, and trade unions) and took a direct action approach to resisting apartheid
Nelson Mandela
ANC leader who organized the Defiance Campaign. Eventually convinced to embrace the use of force to fight Apartheid. Imprisoned by Afrikaner regime after the Rivonia Trial.
John Dube
Founding president of the ANC (as the South African Native National Congress).
Chief Albert Luthuli
President of the ANC, Nobel Peace Prize winner in 1960, and chief of the Zulu tribe. Committed Christian who advocated non-violent protest.
National Action Committee (NAC)
Created to organize the civil disobedience Defiance Campaign and liaison between different activist groups. Consisted of representatives of the ANC, the South African Indian Congress, and the Franchise Action Council.
