IB History #1 QRT3 Flashcards
Bantu Migration
West Africa Bantu People’s Movement
- Bantu peoples movement
- Origin: West Africa (southward)
- Spread their language and culture.
- Theory: two major waves: between 3000 and 2000 BC and from approximately 1000 BC to 500 AD, reaching modern South Africa.
Mfecane
Warfare lasting from roughly 1815-1840 between indigenous peoples in Southern Africa, triggered by Zulu expansion under Shaka. The conflict revolutionized political organization of southern Africa by solidifying ethnic identities but also weakened the ability of indigenous people’s to resist Dutch settlers intrusions.
Dutch East India Company (VOC)
A joint stock company chartered by the Dutch government to control all Dutch trade in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Also known by its Dutch initials VOC for Verenigde Oostendische Compagnie. Founded the Dutch Cape Colony in 1652.
Great Trek
Eastward migration of Dutch-speaking settlers who traveled by wagon trains out of the Cape Colony into the interior (Natal, Transvaal, and the Orange Free State) to live beyond British colonial administration. Referred to themselves as “voortrekkers” meaning “pioneers” or “pathfinders”
Afrikaners (Boers)
Afrikaans-speaking person in South Africa, especially one descended from the Dutch and Huguenot settlers of the 17th century.
Orange Free State
Independent Dutch settler republic in the second half of the 19th century. Became one of the four provinces of the Union of South Africa in 1910.
Transvaal
Also known as the South African Republic and the Transvaal Republic, was an independent republic from 1852 to 1902 when it was annexed by the British Empire as a result of the second Boer War. Became one of the four provinces of the Union of South Africa in 1910.
Cape Province
Successor of the Cape Colony of the VOC. Seizure by the British in the early 19th century triggered the “Great Trek” of Dutch voortrekkers (pioneers) into the interior. The largest of the four provinces after the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910.
Zulu Nation/Zulu Kingdom/Zulu Empire
Political entity founded by Shaka in the future province of Natal. Came into conflict with the Boers during the Great Trek
Natal
One of the four provinces of after the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. Site of the Battle of Blood River in 1838, where Afrikaans settlers defeated a Zulu army, its celebration helping to foster Afrikaner nationalism - the victory being interpreted as divine intervention and demonstrating their divine right to exist as an independent people.
Shaka
Founder of the Zulu Empire, he was responsible for organizing the military into a formidable fighting force. His reign coincided with the Mfecane.
First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881)
A war fought between Boers of the Transvaal and British Empire. Triggered by the discovery of gold and diamonds in the interior and the British annexation of the Transvaal, ending the isolation of the Boers. Ended in Boer victory and British recognition of the South African Republic (aka Transvaal Republic), subject to British suzerainty.
Dutch Reformed Church
Conservative Protestant Church that has historically been central to Afrikaner culture
South African War (Boer War) 1899-1902
Continuation of the conflict between the Boers and the conflict surrounding British colonial administration of South Africa. Also stemmed from the treatment of foreign workers from Britain (uitlanders) who worked in the gold and diamond mines in the Boer republics. Boers relied on guerilla tactics while the British resorted to scorched earth tactics (including the internment of Boer women and children in concentration camps). Despite the British victory and the loss of Boer autonomy and self-government, the end of the war set the stage for the independence of South Africa.
Witwatersrand Gold Rush
The largest gold rush in world history, beginning in 1886. Triggered by the discovery of gold in the Witwatersrand Basin. Led to the founding of Johannesburg and the immigration of large numbers of foreign migrant workers from England and other parts of the empire.
Uitlander
Afrikaans for “foreigner”. Migrant workers from England as well as other parts of the empire such as India who arrived in South Africa during the Witwatersrand Gold Rush. The dispute over the granting of political rights to these foreigners helped to contribute to the Second Boer War as Boers feared enfranchised uitlanders would shift the balance of power in South Africa towards the British.
Paul Kruger
Boer president of the Transvaal Republic and leader of the Boers during the Second Boer War. Central figure in Afrikaans identity and nationalism.
Louis Botha
First Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa and a Boer leader during the Second Boer War. Along with Jan Smuts, he formed the South African Party (SAP) but was often viewed as too conciliatory towards the British.
Jan Smuts
Two time prime minister of South Africa - 1919-1924 and 1939-1948. Helped to negotiate the Treaty of Vereeniging, ending the Second Boer War and played a leading role in the creation of the Union of South Africa in 1910. Along with Louis Botha, established the South African Party. One of the principal architects of the system of segregation he had moderated his views during his second term in office but was defeated by the National Party in the 1948 election.
Act of Union (1910)
Act of the British Parliamnet bring the colonies and republics - Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, and Orange Free State - together to form the Union of South Africa. The Union remained a British territory but with home-rule for Afrikaners. Each of the four unified states was allowed to keep their existing franchise qualifications - only the Cape Colony permitted voting by (property owning) nonwhites.
