IB History #5 Flashcards
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
- KKK terrorist attack
- September of 1963
- deaths of four young girls.
Eugene “Bull” Connor
Fire hoses & police dogs…
- Birmingham commissioner
- public safety
- ordered the use of fire hoses and police dogs
- during the Children’s Crusade.
- Images of police brutality sparked outrage nationally and internationally.
Stand in the Schoolhouse Door
blocking black students.. University of Alabama.
- Alabama Governor
- George Wallace
- physically block Black students from entering University of Alabama
- June 1963
- Alabama National Guard helped resolve the situation
Report to the American People on Civil Rights
Kennedy expressing civil rights as a moral issue…
- Civil rights Speech
- President Kennedy
- June 11, 1963
- Expressing civil rights as a moral issue.
- The address played a significant role in shaping his legacy as a proponent of civil rights.
Assassination of Medgar Evers
NAACP field secretary…\
- Mississippi civil rights activist
- NAACP field secretary.
- Murdered outside his home by a white supremacist
- same evening as President Kennedy’s civil rights speech.
Kerner Commission
- Informal name - National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders
- by the president
- to investigate the causes of the 1967 urban riots.
- “one black society one white / sueperate and unequal.
- Blamed the riots on lack of economic opportunity and racism
- Johnson ignored and rejected the commissions recommendations.
March on Washington
economic equality and civil rights…
- August 1963
- Washington DC
- more than 200,000k people
- for economic equality and civil rights
“I Have a Dream” Speech
- MLK’s speech
- @Lincoln Memorial
- during the March on Washington.
Freedom Summer (1964)
Register as many AA’s as possible…
- Campaign launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African American voters as possible in Mississippi, which up to that time had almost totally excluded black voters.
- The project was organized by COFO
Lyndon B. Johnson
Ushered the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965..
- 36th U.S. Prez
- after the assassination of President Kennedy.
- Ushered the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Escalated the war in Vietnam.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
- Banned discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion…
- Law that responded to the pressures of the civil rights movement.
- Banned discrimination on the basis or race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in public accommodations
- Also discrimination in any shape or form
- enlarged federal powers to protect voting rights and to speed school desegregation
24th Amendment
Right to vote; shouldn’t be denied for failure of payment (poll tax)
Right to vote; shouldn’t be denied for failure of payment (poll tax)
Election of 1964
- Lyndon B Johnson beats Senator Barry Goldwater
- LBJ= strengthening social safety net and civil rights.
- Goldwater= voted against the Civil Rights Act of 1964
- He was considered hawkish on Vietnam and the Cold War.
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
During Freedom Summer of 1964…
- Party founded in Mississippi
- During Freedom Summer of 1964.
- Black voters were barred from participating in the all-white Mississippi Democratic Party.
Selma to Montgomery Marches (1965)
SCLC and SNCC organized a march from Selma to Montgomery…
- Selma Alabama
- people tried to register to vote = white authorities stopped them.
- SCLC and SNCC organized a march from Selma to Montgomery
- 54 miles away
- They wanted their right to vote.
- First two attempts were stopped by police violence and legal orders,
- 3rd: continue with protection from the federal government.
Bloody Sunday
1st attempt Selma to Montogemry March…
- 1st attempt
- Selma to Montogmery March
- Police on horseback
- riot gear & tear gas
- Marchers were brutally beaten.
James Reeb
Apart of the beaten (and murdered) of the 1st attempt Selma…
- white minister
- Part of the SCLC
- went to Selma march after seeing Bloody Sunday.
- Beaten by a group of white supremacists and died of his injuring several days later.
- Murder attracted national attention
Voting Rights Act of 1965
use tests or other tricks to stop people from voting…
- Law
- made it illegal to use tests or other tricks to stop people from voting.
- Helped prevent African Americans from being disfranchised.
Watts Riots (1965)
- AKA Watts Uprising or Watts Rebellion
- the Watts neighborhood of LA
- August 11 to 17, 1965.
- Day 6 - 34 deaths, 1,032 injuries, 3,438 arrests, and over $40 million in property damage.
- Sparked by police brutality / deep rooted segregation in LA .
Long, hot summer of 1967
- Civil disturbances
- 159 Americans
- In summer of 1967
- Mainly in Detroit and Newark.
