Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Question 1

Excessive nausea and vomiting during
pregnancy.

Answer 1

HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM

Question 2

CAUSES:

1.) influencing the body’s nausea and vomiting reflex.

2.) An overactive thyroid can cause symptoms that mimic or worsen HG, such as nausea, vomiting, and weight loss.

3.) If the anterior pituitary or
adrenal cortex is not functioning properly, it
could affect the release of hormones that
regulate various bodily functions

4.)
The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine
structure. The progesterone it secretes affects
smooth muscle, including the gastrointestinal
tract

5.)
This bacterial
infection, often linked to gastric ulcers, can
irritate the stomach lining and contribute to
nausea and vomiting

Answer 2

1.) Elevated HCG
2.) Hyperthyroidism
3.) Hypofunction of the anterior pituitary gland and adrenal cortex
4.) Abnormalities of the corpus luteum
5.) Helicobacter pylori infection

Question 2

CAUSES:

1.) Ptyalism (excessive salivation) is sometimes a symptom of HG

2.) can result in delayed stomach emptying, leading to nausea, bloating, and vomiting.

3.) The fetus is genetically different from the
mother, and in some cases, the immune system
may perceive it as a foreign entity.

Answer 2

1.) Elevated estrogen and progesterone
2.) Decreased gastric motility
3.) immune response to the “foreign” fetus

Question 2

1.) Severe vomiting, poor fluid intake, or excessive fluid loss can lead to __________

2.) Loss of stomach acids through vomiting can
cause _________

3.) Dehydration and blood loss result in ____________decreasing circulating blood
volume and tissue perfusion. This leads to
__________

Answer 2

1.) Dehydration
2.) Alkalosis
3.) Hypovolemia
4.) Hypotension

Question 3

Control of vomiting

Answer 3

a. Antiemetics (Metoclopramide)
b. NPO

Question 4

Correction of dehydration

Answer 4

a. IV Fluids (Ringer’s Solution)
b. Measures intake and output, including
the amount of vomitus

Question 5

Restoration of electrolyte balance

Answer 5

Potassium chloride is typically added to
the IV infusion

Question 6

Maintenance of adequate nutrition

Answer 6

a. Replacement of Thiamine (vit. B1),
pyridoxine (vitamin B6)

b. Woman may need total parenteral
nutrition (TPN) or enteral feeding.