GNHS of Woman and Infants Flashcards
Importance of Health Statistics:
to discover problems that may have been present
Refers to the number of children who would be
born per woman (or per 1,000 women) if
she/they were to pass through the
childbearing years bearing children according
to a current schedule of age-specific fertility
rates.
Total Fertility Rate
Number of births per thousand women of
child-bearing age
Fertility Rate
Fertility Rate Calculations
Total number of births / Number of women of birth bearing age x 100
● The global fertility rate is
expected to continue to fall
from 2.5 live births per woman
today to
2.2 in 2050 and further to 1.9
Philippine Total Fertility Rate 2024
Total Fertility Rate declined from 2.7 in 2017 to 1.9 in 2022.
○ Annual number of live births per 1,000
population.
○ Generally computed as a ratio.
○ It is expressed as births per 1,000 population.
○ Numerator: number of live births observed in a
population during a reference period.
○ Denominator: number of person-years lived by
the population during the same period.
Crude Birth Rate
CBR Calculation
Total number of births / Total Population x 1000
Philippine Maternal Mortality Ratio
2000 =
2005 =
2010 =
2015 =
2020 =
2000 = 129
2005 = 122
2010 = 105
2015 = 88
2020 = 78
Number of deaths during the first 28
completed days of life per 1,000 live births in a
given year.
Neonatal Mortality Rate
Global Crude Birth Rate 2022 = 17 per 1,000
people
The crude birth rate has been gradually declining from 31.4 per 1,000 people in 1973 to 16.8 per
1,000 people in 2022.
The annual number of female deaths per
100,000 live births from any cause related to or
aggravated by pregnancy or its management
(excluding accidental or incidental causes).
Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMRatio)
Philippine Crude Birth Rate 2023 = 13.0
● In 2023, a total of 1,448,522 live
births were registered in the country,
which is equivalent to a crude birth
rate (CBR) of 12.8 or 13 birth
population per thousand
1.) occurring during the first 7 days of life
2.) occurring after the 7th day but before the 28 completed days of life
1.) Early Neonatal deaths
2.) Late Neonatal Deaths
1.) Global Population in millions (2024)
2.) Philippine Population in millions (2024)
1.) 8.2 Billion
2.) 116 Million
The mean age of mothers at the birth of their
children if women were subject throughout their
lives to the age-specific fertility rates observed
in a given year.
Mean Age at Childbearing
Best age for pregnancy
25-30 years old
○ A branch of medical science which is concerned
with the transmission of characteristics from
parents to offspring.
Genetics
○ Austrian monk
○ Father of Modern Genetics
○ Experimented with Pea Plants
■ Seven year period (1856-1863)
■ Bred thousand of pea plants
Gregor Mendel
○ British geneticist
○ First person to use the term “genetics” to
describe the study of heredity and biological
inheritance.
William Bateson
● Basic unit of genetic information
● Determine the inherited characters
● Functional subunit of DNA and contain
instructions for making protein
Gene
The transmission of familial elements
from one generation to the next.
Inheritance
● Storage units of genes.
● A structure within the cell that delivers
the genetic material as DNA.
Chromosomes
● Human cell contain __ pairs of chromosomes.
○ __ pairs autosomal chromosomes
○ _ pair of sex chromosomes
1.) 23
2.) 22
3.) 1
● A nucleic acid that contains the
genetic instructions specifying the
biological development of all cellular
forms of life.
● Molecules encode genetic information.
● Genome: the collection of genetic
● information
DNA
A diagrammatic representation of diseases
history in a family up to 3rd degree relative.
GENETIC PEDIGREE
1.) Means abnormal gene which can not perform its function in proper way.
2.) Individual who is known to have disease
3.) Individual who appear normal but has one copy of mutant gene.
1.) Mutant Gene
2.) Affected Individual
3.) Carrier Individual
A process by which patients or relatives, at
risk of an inherited disorder, are advised of
the consequences and nature of the
disorder, the probability of developing or
transmitting it and the options open to them in
management and family planning in order to
prevent or avoid it.
GENETIC COUNSELING
AIMS OF GENETIC COUNSELING
To provide the family with complete and accurate
information about genetic disorders by:
- Promoting informed decisions of involved
family members - Clarifying the family’s options available
treatment and prognosis - Explaining alternatives to reduce the risk of
genetic disorders - Decreasing the incidence of genetic disorders
- Reducing the impact of the disorders
TYPES OF GENETIC SCREENING
- Carrier identification
- Prenatal diagnosis
- Newborn screening
- Forensic screening (paternity test)
