Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

● An endocrine disorder in which the pancreas
cannot produce adequate insulin to regulate body
glucose levels.

● Affects 3% to 5% of all pregnancies.

● The most frequently seen medical condition in
pregnancy

Answer 1

DIABETES MELLITUS

Question 2

4 Cardinal Signs of DM:

Answer 2

○ Polyuria (w/ glycosuria) – due to glomerular filtration of glucose
○ Polydipsia
○ Polyphagia
○ Weight loss

Question 3

Characterized by the destruction of the beta
cells in the pancreas that usually leads to
absolute insulin deficiency.

Answer 3

TYPE 1

Question 4

Usually arises because of insulin
resistance combined with a relative
deficiency in the production of insulin.

Answer 4

TYPE 2

Question 5

A condition of abnormally glucose
metabolism that arises during pregnancy
Possible signal of an increased risk of
type 2 diabetes later in life.

Answer 5

GDM

Question 6

A case between “normal” and “diabetes” in
what the body is no longer using and/or
secreting insulin properly.

Answer 6

IMPAIRED GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS

Question 7

a state
when fasting plasma glucose is at least
110 but under 126 mg/dl.

Answer 7

Impaired fasting glucose

Question 8

a state
when insulin of the oral glucose tolerance
test are at least 140 but under 200
mg/dl in 1-hour sample.

Answer 8

Impaired glucose tolerance

Question 9

1.)
● Increase insulin release.
● Significant hypoglycemia may occur.

2.)
● Placental hormones rise sharply.
● Insulin resistance happens.

3.)
● Decrease in insulin requirements after passage of
placenta.
● Non breastfeeding mothers - insulin- CHO balance
returns in approximately 7 to 10 days.

Answer 9

1.) First Trimester
2.) Second Trimester
3.) At brith

Question 10

Recommended between 24 and 28 weeks
gestation.

● The woman should ingest 50g of oral glucose
solution.

● One hour later a blood sample is taken.

● If the result is 140 mg/dl or greater, a 3-hour oral
glucose tolerance test is recommended.

Answer 10

GLUCOSE CHALLENGE TEST (GCT)

Question 10

● The woman must fast from midnight on the day of
the test.
● The woman should ingest 100g of oral glucose
solution.
● Plasma glucose levels are then determined at 1, 2,
and 3 hours.

Answer 10

ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST (OGTT)

Question 11

used to detect the degree of hyperglycemia
present.

Answer 11

Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin

Question 12

DIETARY REGULATION

Answer 12

Simple sugars in concentrated sweets should be
eliminated.

Question 12

IMPLEMENTATION

Answer 12

To maintain physiologic equilibrium of insulin
availability and glucose utilization during pregnancy

Question 13

POSTPARTAL NURSING MANAGEMENT

Answer 13

Antihyperglycemics contraindicated during
breastfeeding.