human geo ch 3

Question 1

what is cyclic movement

Answer 1

movement that returns people to a place

Question 2

what is an example of cyclic movement

Answer 2

going to school, work, etc

Question 3

what is activity space

Answer 3

place where a person usually moves

Question 4

what are types of cyclic movement

Answer 4

commuting, seasonal movement, nomadism (matter of survival, culture, and tradition

Question 5

what is periodic movement

Answer 5

longer period of time away from home than cyclic movement, but still return home

Question 6

example of periodic movement

Answer 6

migrant labor, boarding school, transhumance, college, military service

Question 7

what is transhumance

Answer 7

specialized form of periodic movement which is a system of pastoral farming where ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availability of pastures

Question 8

what is migration

Answer 8

permanent relocation

Question 9

what is international migration/transnational migration

Answer 9

movement across country borders

Question 10

what is internal migration

Answer 10

migration that occurs within a single country’s borders

Question 11

what is forced migration

Answer 11

involves the imposition of authority or power, producing involuntary migration movements that cannot be understood based on theories of choice; permanent movement due to an outside source

Question 12

what is voluntary migration

Answer 12

choosing to move somewhere

Question 13

what are some things voluntary migration is driven by

Answer 13

job opportunity, climate

Question 14

what are some things involuntary migration are driven by

Answer 14

most commonly cultural reasons/differences

includes conflict

Question 15

what is step migration

Answer 15

series of steps to reach a final destination

Question 16

what is chain migration

Answer 16

migration of people to a location because family members/friends previously moved there

Question 17

what is the key difference between voluntary and forced migration

Answer 17

voluntary migrants have an option of where to go and what to do once they get there; forced migrants do not

Question 18

what are some historic examples of forced migration

Answer 18

• the african slave trade
• Great britain shipping convicts to Australia
• the US gov forcing out native americans
• Stalin in the USSR moved millions of non-russians to remote parts of asia and siberia
• Nazis forcing the migration of Jews

Question 19

what is counter-migration

Answer 19

when governments detain migrants who (attempt to) enter illegally and return them to their home countries

Question 20

what are Ravenstein’s laws of migration

Answer 20

1. every migration has a counter migration
2. most migration is a short distance
3. most migration is to big cities
4. most are young adults
5. people living in cities are less migratory than rural residents
6. most migration is step by step
7. cities increase in population due to migration, not natural increase
8. the major reason for migration is economic
9. males are more likely to move internationally
10. migration increases as industry and economy develops
11. agriculture to industry

Question 21

what is the gravity model

Answer 21

the theory that spatial interaction is directly related to the populations and inversely related to the distance between them

Question 22

what are push factors

Answer 22

conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave a place

Question 23

what are pull factors

Answer 23

circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales to other places, the decision of where to go

Question 24

what is distance decay

Answer 24

interaction decreases as distance increases –> migrants are likely to feel much less certain about distant destinations than about nearer ones

Question 25

what are some examples of push factors

Answer 25

``` Conflict/war Lack of jobs Forced by government Low standard of living Cultural differences No religious freedom Political fears Natural disasters No medical care No educational opportunities Slavery ```

Question 26

what are some examples of pull factors

Answer 26

``` Safety/security Jobs/economic opportunity Better living conditions Freedoms (religious/political/cultural) Family/relative/friend reunification Education Medical care ```

Question 27

who settled in american in the 17th and 18th centuries?

Answer 27

- british german and dutch - africans - native americans

Question 28

what were the push/pull factors bringing british german and dutch immigrants to america in the 17th and 18th centuries? was it voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 28

push: religious/political persecution and no jobs pull: eligious/political freedom and economic opportunity voluntary