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History > human geo ch 3 > Flashcards

human geo ch 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is cyclic movement

A

movement that returns people to a place

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2
Q

what is an example of cyclic movement

A

going to school, work, etc

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3
Q

what is activity space

A

place where a person usually moves

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4
Q

what are types of cyclic movement

A

commuting, seasonal movement, nomadism (matter of survival, culture, and tradition

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5
Q

what is periodic movement

A

longer period of time away from home than cyclic movement, but still return home

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6
Q

example of periodic movement

A

migrant labor, boarding school, transhumance, college, military service

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7
Q

what is transhumance

A

specialized form of periodic movement which is a system of pastoral farming where ranchers move livestock according to the seasonal availability of pastures

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8
Q

what is migration

A

permanent relocation

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9
Q

what is international migration/transnational migration

A

movement across country borders

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10
Q

what is internal migration

A

migration that occurs within a single country’s borders

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11
Q

what is forced migration

A

involves the imposition of authority or power, producing involuntary migration movements that cannot be understood based on theories of choice; permanent movement due to an outside source

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12
Q

what is voluntary migration

A

choosing to move somewhere

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13
Q

what are some things voluntary migration is driven by

A

job opportunity, climate

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14
Q

what are some things involuntary migration are driven by

A

most commonly cultural reasons/differences

includes conflict

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15
Q

what is step migration

A

series of steps to reach a final destination

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16
Q

what is chain migration

A

migration of people to a location because family members/friends previously moved there

17
Q

what is the key difference between voluntary and forced migration

A

voluntary migrants have an option of where to go and what to do once they get there; forced migrants do not

18
Q

what are some historic examples of forced migration

A
  • the african slave trade
  • Great britain shipping convicts to Australia
  • the US gov forcing out native americans
  • Stalin in the USSR moved millions of non-russians to remote parts of asia and siberia
  • Nazis forcing the migration of Jews
19
Q

what is counter-migration

A

when governments detain migrants who (attempt to) enter illegally and return them to their home countries

20
Q

what are Ravenstein’s laws of migration

A
  1. every migration has a counter migration
  2. most migration is a short distance
  3. most migration is to big cities
  4. most are young adults
  5. people living in cities are less migratory than rural residents
  6. most migration is step by step
  7. cities increase in population due to migration, not natural increase
  8. the major reason for migration is economic
  9. males are more likely to move internationally
  10. migration increases as industry and economy develops
  11. agriculture to industry
21
Q

what is the gravity model

A

the theory that spatial interaction is directly related to the populations and inversely related to the distance between them

22
Q

what are push factors

A

conditions and perceptions that help a migrant decide to leave a place

23
Q

what are pull factors

A

circumstances that effectively attract the migrant to certain locales to other places, the decision of where to go

24
Q

what is distance decay

A

interaction decreases as distance increases –> migrants are likely to feel much less certain about distant destinations than about nearer ones

25
Q

what are some examples of push factors

A 
Conflict/war
Lack of jobs
Forced by government 
Low standard of living
Cultural differences
No religious freedom
Political fears
Natural disasters
No medical care
No educational opportunities
Slavery
26
Q

what are some examples of pull factors

A 
Safety/security
Jobs/economic opportunity
Better living conditions
Freedoms (religious/political/cultural)
Family/relative/friend reunification
Education
Medical care
27
Q

who settled in american in the 17th and 18th centuries?

A
  • british german and dutch
  • africans
  • native americans
28
Q

what were the push/pull factors bringing british german and dutch immigrants to america in the 17th and 18th centuries? was it voluntary or involuntary?

A

push: religious/political persecution and no jobs
pull: eligious/political freedom and economic opportunity
voluntary

History (19 decks)

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