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History > Foundations - Ch 23 Sec 1 + 2 - The French Revolution > Flashcards

Foundations - Ch 23 Sec 1 + 2 - The French Revolution Flashcards

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0
Q

What was the Estates-General?

A

an assembly of representatives from all 3 states

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1
Q

Who was Louis XVI

A

the King of France

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2
Q

What did people from the 1st and 2nd estates have access to?

A

High offices and exemptions from taxes

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3
Q

Who made up the 1st estate?

A

Clergy of the Roman Catholic Church

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4
Q

What percent of the land did the 1st estate own?

A

10%

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5
Q

What percent of the population made up the 1st estate?

A

1%

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6
Q

Who made up the 2nd estate?

A

rich nobles

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7
Q

What percent of the population made up the 2nd estate?

A

2%

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8
Q

What percent of the land did the 2nd estate own?

A

35%

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9
Q

Who made up the 3rd estate

A

The Bourgeoisie (middle class), the urban lower class, and peasants

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10
Q

What percent of the population made up the 3rd estate

A

97%

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11
Q

What percent of the land did the 3rd estate own

A

55%

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12
Q

1st estate

A

made up of clergy of Roman Catholic Church
scorned enlightenment ideas
hardly paid any taxes

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13
Q

2nd estate

A

made up of rich nobles
held highest offices in gov
disagreed with enlightenment ideas
hardly paid any taxes

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14
Q

3rd estate

A 
included bourgeoisie, urban lower class, and peasant farmers
held no power to influence gov
embraced enlightenment ideas
resented the wealthy 1st and 2nd estates
heavily taxed
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15
Q

Why did the third estate resent the first and second estates?

A

their privileges and special treatment

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16
Q

Why didn’t the first and second estates support enlightenment ideas

A

they threatened their status

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17
Q

Who was Marie Antoinette

A

Queen of France and wife of Louis XVI

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18
Q

What was the Old Regime?

A

the political and social system that existed in France before the French Revolution where the people of France were divided into 3 large social classes

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19
Q

What is deficit spending?

A

spending money that you don’t have

one of the causes of the FR

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20
Q

What was the National Assembly

A

a French congress established by representatives of the third estate to enact laws and reforms in the name of the French people

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21
Q

What was the National Assembly the beginning of?

A

representative gov

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22
Q

What was the Great Fear

A

a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the storming of the Bastille
peasants broke into noble’s houses and destroyed legal papers or just burned down the manor houses

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23
Q

What was the Tennis Court Oath

A

a pledge made by the National Assembly in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution

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24
Q

What was the storming of the Bastille

A

a mob searching for gunpowder and arms to defend the city against attack. They seized control of the building and hacked the guards to death

25
Q

What was the women’s march on Versailles

A

they were protesting the price of bread and broke into the palace, demanding that the king and queen go back to Paris

26
Q

Who were the emigres

A

nobles an others who fled France and hoped to undo the revolution and restore the Old Regime

27
Q

Who sat in the left at the legislative assembly

A

radicals

28
Q

Who sat in the right in legislative assembly

A

conservatives

29
Q

Legislative Assembly

A

French congress with the power to create laws and approve declarations of war, established by the constitution of 1791

30
Q

Who was Maximillien Robespierre

A

a Jacobin leader who slowly gained power in 1973

ruled France basically as a dictator, killing anyone who even hinted at opposing the Revolution

31
Q

what was the guillotine

A

a machine for beheading people, used for executions

32
Q

why was the guillotine ideal

A

doesn’t hurt
instant
makes everyone equal in death (an enlightenment idea)

33
Q

what was the national convention

A

the new governing body that took the place of the National Assembly

34
Q

what did the national convention do

A

abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic

35
Q

what was the Committee of Public Safety

A

formed by Robespierre during his Reign of Terror, its chief task was to protect the revolution from its enemies. They were tried in the morning and executed in the afternoon

36
Q

who were the sans-culottes

A

a radical group of Parisian workers/small shopkeepers who wanted the revolution to bring even greater changes to France
wore regular trousers to separate themselves from the upper classes

37
Q

what are the common characteristics of a modern revolution

A

desire for rapid change and opportunity
lose sight of original goals in course or revolution
not necessarily violent, but usually are
leadership comes from aristocracy and middle class
generally during greater financial security and higher living standards and less oppressive gov

38
Q

what were the causes of the FR

A 
enlightenment ideas
economic problems/hardship/inequality (uneven taxation and bad harvests)
weak leadership
deficit spending
social inequality
political flaws
outside example in America
39
Q

what were the original goals of the FR

A 
no more absolute monarchy (limited)
tax reform
constitution (rights)
radical reform (no feudal system)
representation
enlightenment ideas (classic liberalism)
liberty, equality, and fraternity
40
Q

Did Louis XVI ever call meetings of the Estates-General?

A

not really, hardly ever

41
Q

What were liberal reforms

A

reforms made in the moderate stage

42
Q

what are some examples of the moderate stage reforms?

A 
trying to abolish feudal system
trying to abolish slavery
request for Jews citizenship
declaration of the rights of man
church over state
new constitution
43
Q

what are some examples of radical reforms

A

forming a republic (national convention)
changing the calendar/clock/going to metric system/closed churches (republic of virtue)
total war
committee of public safety

44
Q

what are Brinton’s stages of a revolution

A
  1. incubation
  2. moderate
  3. radical
  4. recovery
45
Q

what usually happens in the incubation phase

A

revolutionary ideas begin to fester

46
Q

what usually happens in the moderate phase

A 
led by middle class professionals
most constructive lasting reforms
47
Q

what usually happens in radical phase

A

violence
led by sans-culottes
super radical stuff

48
Q

what usually happens in recovery phase

A 
recovery
led by middle class professionals again
49
Q

How was Louis XVI as a leader

A

He was a weak leader
Indecisive
Got into a lot of debt
Had little patience for the details of government

50
Q

What was the declaration of the rights of man

A

A statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by the National Assembly

51
Q

What did the declaration of the rights of man say

A

Men are born and remain free and in equal rights
Rights to liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression
Guaranteed citizens equal justice and freedom of speech and religion

52
Q

Who sat in the middle of the legislative assembly

A

Moderates

53
Q

What did moderates of the legislative assembly support

A

Believed some reforms were good, but didn’t go so far as radicals

54
Q

What did conservatives believe in the leg assembly

A

upheld the idea of a limited monarchy and wanted few changes in gov

55
Q

What did the radicals in the leg assembly want

A

opposed the idea of a monarchy and wanted sweeping changes in the way gov was run
Jacobins

56
Q

What is a coup d’état

A

Only changes the head of government, not the whole outlook and form of gov

57
Q

What is total war/levy in masse

A

When all of the resources of the country go to the war efforts and the country’s main goal is to win the war and there’s a draft
Like in the world wars

58
Q

What was the reign of terror

A

The period of Robespierre’s rule over france

He was basically a dictator and thousands of political figures and ordinary citizens were executed by the guillotine

59
Q

What did other European nations think about the French Revolution

A

GB supported bc they were trying to get more representative gov, but thought they were being too radical
Most countries feared revolution in their own countries

History (19 decks)

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