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Human Structure - Block 2 > HS2-7 Parotid Temporal Infratemporal Regions > Flashcards

HS2-7 Parotid Temporal Infratemporal Regions Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for the parotid region?

A

retromandibular fossa

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2
Q

Where is the parotid region located?

A

posterior to ramus of mandible but anteroinferior to ear

[essentially, where the parotid gland is located]

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3
Q

What is the largest salivary gland in the body?

A

parotid gland

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4
Q

What structure is found just deep to the parotid gland?

A

masseter muscle

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5
Q

What structure permits the passage of saliva from the parotid gland to the oral cavity?

A

parotid duct

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6
Q

Describe the pathway of the parotid duct.

A

crosses masseter

pierces buccinator

enters oral cavity @ parotid papilla (opposite second upper molar)

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7
Q

List five major structures that run through the parotid gland.

A

facial nerve

auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3)

external carotid artery

superficial temporal artery

retromandibular vein

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8
Q

What are the terminal branches of the external carotid artery? (2)

A

superficial temporal artery

maxillary artery

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9
Q

The superficial temporal artery runs alongside what structure?

A

runs alongside the auriculotemporal nerve on the side of the head

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10
Q

What structures form the retromandibular vein? (2)

A

superficial temporal vein

maxillary vein

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11
Q

The retromandibular vein drains into

A

internal or external jugular veins

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12
Q

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland. (3)

A

parasympathetic fibers run with CN IX (tympanic branch, then lesser petrosal nerve)

synapse at otic ganglion in infratemporal fossa

postganglionic fibers travel w/ auriculotemporal nerve to parotid gland

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13
Q

What is gustatory sweating?

A

excessive sweating, flushing, or feelings of warmth in response to gustatory stimuli

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14
Q

What causes gustatory sweating?

A

aberrant innervation of sweat glands by regrowing parasympathetic fibers associated with the auriculotemporal nerve that were previously damaged

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the temporal fossa?

A

superiorly = temporal lines

inferiorly = superior border of zygoma

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16
Q

The temporal fossa includes what 4 bones that form the skull?

A

frontal

parietal

temporal

sphenoid

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17
Q

What is the major structure associated with the temporal fossa?

A

temporalis muscle

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18
Q

What is the largest muscle of mastication?

A

temporalis

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19
Q

What is the origin of the temporalis muscle?

A

temporal fossa

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20
Q

What is the insertion of the temporalis muscle?

A

coronoid process of mandible

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21
Q

What innervates the temporalis muscle?

A

branches of mandibular nerve (CN V3)

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22
Q

What provides arterial supply to the temporalis muscle?

A

deep temporal arteries (from maxillary artery)

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23
Q

What are the boundaries of the infratemporal fossa?

A

ramus of mandible (lateral)

greater wing of sphenoid bone (superior)

lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone (medial)

maxilla (anterior)

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24
Q

Gustatory sweating is often seen after what surgical procedure?

A

parotidectomy

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25
Q

List the interconnections of the infratemporal fossa. (5)

A

connected to orbit via inferior orbital fissure

connected to middle cranial fossa via foramina ovale + spinosum

connected to temporal fossa

connected to pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure

directly connected to oral cavity

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26
Q

What are the contents of the infratemporal fossa? (7)

A

medial pterygoid muscle

lateral pterygoid muscle

branches of V3

otic ganglion

chorda tympani

branches of maxillary artery

pterygoid plexus of veins

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27
Q

The muscles of mastication are innervated by

A

branches of V3

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28
Q

The muscles of mastication produce movement at which joint?

A

temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

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29
Q

Explain how the masseter contributes to mastication.

A

elevates the mandible and therefore closes the mouth

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30
Q

Explain how the temporalis muscle contributes to mastication. (2)

A

anterior portion elevates the mandible and therefore closes mouth

posterior portion retracts mandible

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31
Q

Explain how the medial pterygoid muscle contributes to mastication.

A

elevates the mandible and therefore closes the mouth

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32
Q

Explain how the lateral pterygoid muscle contributes to mastication. (2)

A

bilaterally protracts mandible

unilaterally swings jaw to contralateral side for chewing movements

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33
Q

How does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) enter the infratemporal fossa?

A

through the foramen ovale

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34
Q

In what structure does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3) give off its branches?

A

infratemporal fossa

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35
Q

List the (branchial) motor branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3). (3)

A

4 nerves to muscles of mastication

mylohyoid nerve

nerves to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani

36
Q

The mylohyoid nerve provides innervation to which structures? (2)

A

motor innervation to mylohyoid muscle

motor innervation to anterior belly of digastric

37
Q

The mylohyoid nerve is a branch of

A

the inferior alveolar nerve, which in turn is a branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)

38
Q

List the general sensory branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3).

A

auriculotemporal nerve

inferior alveolar nerve

mental nerve

long buccal nerve

meningeal branch

lingual nerve

39
Q

What is the function of the inferior alveolar nerve? (3)

A

sensory innervation to lower dentition

gives off mylohyoid nerve

source of mental nerve

40
Q

What is the mental nerve?

A

continuation of the inferior alveolar nerve after it exits mental foramen

41
Q

What is the function of the mental nerve?

A

sensory innervation to chin region and lower lip

42
Q

What is the function of the long buccal nerve?

A

innervates skin on lateral side of face overlying buccinator

innervates mucous membranes on medial aspect of buccinator

43
Q

Which nerve provides motor innervation to the buccinator?

A

facial nerve

44
Q

What is the function of the meningeal branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V3)?

A

sensory innervation of dura mater

45
Q

What is the function of the lingual nerve? (3)

A

sensation of anterior 2/3 of tongue

carries taste fibers via chorda tympani

carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from chorda tympani to submandibular ganglion

46
Q

What is an inferior alveolar nerve block?

A

anesthetic procedure used to block the inferior alveolar, lingual, and mental nerves in the lower dental quadrant to repair a cavity

47
Q

What are the three parts of the maxillary artery? Identify their boundaries.

A

1st = posterior to lateral pterygoid

2nd = adjacent to lateral pterygoid

3rd = deep to lateral pterygoid

48
Q
A
49
Q

What arteries come off the first part of the maxillary artery?

A

inferior alveolar artery = into mandible = via mandibular foramen

middle meningeal artery = into cranial cavity = via foramen spinosum

50
Q

What arteries come off the second part of the maxillary artery?

A

deep temporal artery = to muscles of mastication

51
Q

What artery supplies the muscles of mastication?

A

deep temporal artery

52
Q

What arteries come off the third part of the maxillary artery?

A

infraorbital artery = to orbit = via infraorbital foramen

53
Q

What are the boundaries of the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxilla (anterior)

pterygoid process of sphenoid bone (posterior)

palatine bone (medial)

54
Q

What depresses the mandible? (3)

A

gravity

suprahyoid muscles

infrahyoid muscles

55
Q

Which muscles of mastication are not located in the infratemporal fossa?

A

masseter

temporalis

56
Q

The TMJ is split into what two spaces? List the function of these two spaces.

A

articular disc splits TMJ into:

superior space = protraction and retraction

inferior space = elevation and depression

57
Q

When is maximal depression of the TMJ achieved?

A

when protracted

58
Q

List the connections of the pterygopalatine fossa. (6)

A

to orbit via orbital fissure

to middle cranial fossa via foramen rotundum

to pterygoid canal

to palate via greater/lesser palatine foramina

to nasal cavity via sphenopalatine foramen

to infratemporal fossa

59
Q

How do preganglionic fibers travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

preganglionic parasympathetic fibers travel along with greater petrosal nerve (CN VII) to synapse at pterygopalatine ganglion

60
Q

How do postganglionic fibers travel from the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

travel with branches of maxillary division of trigeminal nerve (CN V2)

61
Q

How does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (CN V2), which provides sensory innervation, enter the skull?

A

via the foramen rotundum

62
Q

Which nervous structures exit via the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

sensory branches from CN V2

postganglionic sympathetic fibers

postganglionic parasympathetic fibers

63
Q

Where is the temporomandibular joint located?

A

between mandibular condyle and mandibular fossa of temporal bone

64
Q

What kind of joint is the TMJ joint?

A

synovial joint (has an articular disc composed of fibrocartilage)

65
Q

Which muscles protract the TMJ?

A

lateral pterygoid

66
Q

Which muscles retract the TMJ?

A

posterior fibers of temporalis

67
Q

Which muscles elevate the TMJ? (3)

A

anterior fibers of temporalis

masseter

medial pterygoid

68
Q

Which muscles depress the TMJ?

A

suprahyoids

infrahyoids (initiate depression to open mouth)

lateral pterygoid

69
Q

Which muscles produce side-to-side movements of the TMJ?

A

alternating, unilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoids

70
Q

What is the significance of the pterygopalantine ganglion?

A

innervation to lacrimal and mucus glands

71
Q

What is the pathway of innervation to the lacrimal glands via the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

greater petrosal nerve (from CN VII) carries parasympathetic fibers through pterygopalatine canal

synapses with pterygopalatine ganglion

runs with branch of CN V2 (zygomatic nerve), then runs with branch of CN V1 (lacrimal nerve) to reach lacrimal gland

72
Q

What is the pathway of innervation to the mucus glands via the pterygopalatine ganglion?

A

greater petrosal nerve (from CN VII) carries parasympathetic fibers through pterygopalatine canal

synapses with pterygopalatine ganglion

runs with branch of CN V2 to nasal cavity, palate, and pharynx

73
Q

What is the function of the sympathetic fibers found in the pterygopalatine fossa? Give an example of a nerve associated with the sympathetic fibers of the pterygopalatine fossa.

A

vasoconstriction

[they do NOT synapse at the pterygopalatine ganglion, they synapse at superior cervical ganglion]

example: deep petrosal nerve

74
Q

What is the relationship between the maxillary artery and the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxillary artery enters the pterygopalatine fossa, but its branches exit

75
Q

What is the relationship between CN V2 and the pterygopalatine fossa?

A

maxillary nerve enters the pterygopalatine fossa, but its branches exit

76
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the infraorbital fissure? (3)

A

infraorbital artery

infraorbital nerve

zygomatic nerve

77
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the sphenopalatine foramen? (3)

A

sphenopalatine artery

nasopalatine nerve

posterior superior nasal nerve

78
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the palatine canal? (5)

A

greater palatine artery

descending palatine artery

lesser palatine nerve

greater palatine nerve

lesser palatine artery

79
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pharyngeal canal? (2)

A

pharyngeal artery

pharyngeal nerve

80
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pterygoid canal? (2)

A

nerve of pterygoid canal

artery of pterygoid canal

81
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the pterygomaxillary fissure? (2)

A

maxillary artery

posterior superior alveolar nerve

82
Q

Which structures (nerves and arteries) travel through the foramen rotundum?

A

CN V2

83
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the masseter?

A

origin = zygomatic arch

insertion = lateral side of mandibular angle

84
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

A

origin = sphenoid

insertion = condylar neck of mandible + capsule of TMJ

85
Q

What is the origin and insertion of the medial pterygoid?

A

origin = sphenoid

insertion = medial side of mandibular angle

Human Structure - Block 2 (22 decks)

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