HS2-4 Anterior Triangle Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle? (4)
jugular notch (apex)
sternocleidomastoid (posterior border)
inferior border of mandible (superior border)
midline of neck (separates the two anterior triangles)
What two groupings of muscles make up the muscles of the anterior triangle?
infrahyoid muscles
suprahyoid muscles
List the infrahyoid muscles.
superior belly of omohyoid
sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
What innervates the superior belly of the omohyoid?
ansa cervicalis
What innervates the sternohyoid?
ansa cervicalis
What innervates the sternothyroid?
ansa cervicalis
What innervates the thyrohyoid?
nerve to thyrohyoid (from C1)
List the suprahyoid muscles. (5)
anterior belly of the digastric
mylohyoid
posterior belly of the digastric
stylohyoid
geniohyoid
What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?
mylohyoid nerve
What innervates the mylohyoid?
mylohyoid nerve
What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?
facial nerve (CN VII)
What innervates the stylohyoid?
facial nerve (CN VII)
What innervates the geniohyoid?
C1
The anterior triangle can be subdivided into what four triangles?
submandibular triangle
carotid triangle
muscular triangle
submental triangle
What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?
inferior border of mandible
anterior belly of digastric
posterior belly of digastric
What is another name for the submandibular triangle?
digastric triangle
What are the contents of the submandibular triangle? (7)
submandibular gland
external carotid artery (facial + lingual branches)
hypoglossal nerve
mylohyoid nerve (from CN V3)
facial vein
mylohyoid muscle
stylohyoid muscle
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? (3)
sternocleidomastoid
posterior belly of digastric
superior belly of the omohyoid
What is the contents of the carotid triangle? (8)
carotid sinus + body
common, external (+ 5 branches), and internal carotids
internal jugular vein
vagus nerve
ansa cervicalis
hypoglossal nerve
nerve to thyrohyoid
cervical sympathetic trunk
What are the five branches of the external carotid artery found in the carotid triangle?
superior thyroid artery (to thyroid gland)
lingual artery (to tongue)
facial artery
occipital artery (to posterior scalp)
ascending pharyngeal artery
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx?
internal laryngeal nerve
What nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?
external laryngeal nerve
What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?
superior belly of omohyoid
sternocleidomastoid
midline of neck
What is the contents of the muscular triangle? (7)
infrahyoid muscles
anterior jugular vein
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
pharynx
larynx
recurrent laryngeal nerve
What structure drains the skin of the anterior triangle?
anterior jugular vein
What is the body’s largest endocrine gland?
thyroid gland
Where is the thyroid gland located along the vertebral column?
located from C5 to T1
What five vessels supply the thyroid gland?
superior thyroid artery (from external carotid)
inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk)
superior thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular)
middle thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular)
inferior thyroid vein (drains into brachiocephalic vein)
How many parathyroid glands are there in the body?
4 (on posterior side of thyroid gland)
What is the primary function of the larynx?
separate air and food passageways
What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?
moves thyroid cartilage
What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
motor and sensory innervation to larynx
What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?
body of hyoid
left anterior belly of digastric
right anterior belly of digastric
What are the contents of the submental triangle?
mylohyoid muscles (which form the floor of the triangle)
Describe the order of lymphatic structures in the neck region. (5)
superficial cervical lymph nodes → deep cervical lymph nodes → jugular lymphatic trunks → thoracic duct + right lymphatic trunk → venous angle
Where are superficial cervical lymph nodes found?
along external jugular vein
Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?
chain found adjacent to internal jugular vein and under the sternocleidomastoid
What is the principal group of lymph nodes responsible for drainage in the head and neck?
deep cervical lymph nodes
Describe the relationship between the jugular lymphatic trunks, the thoracic duct, and the right lymphatic duct.
jugular lymphatic trunk joins the thoracic duct on left side and right lymphatic duct on right side
The venous angle is the junction of
the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein
The right lymphatic trunk/duct is formed from (3)
right jugular lymphatic trunk
right subclavian lymphatic trunk
bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Some Angry Lady Figured Out PMS:
superior thyroid
ascending pharyngeal
lingual
facial
occipital
posterior auricular
maxillary
superficial temporal
What gives rise to the superior laryngeal artery?
superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery
