HS2-4 Anterior Triangle

Question 1

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle? (4)

Answer 1

jugular notch (apex)

sternocleidomastoid (posterior border)

inferior border of mandible (superior border)

midline of neck (separates the two anterior triangles)

Question 2

What two groupings of muscles make up the muscles of the anterior triangle?

Answer 2

infrahyoid muscles

suprahyoid muscles

Question 3

List the infrahyoid muscles.

Answer 3

superior belly of omohyoid

sternohyoid

sternothyroid

thyrohyoid

Question 4

What innervates the superior belly of the omohyoid?

Answer 4

ansa cervicalis

Question 5

What innervates the sternohyoid?

Answer 5

ansa cervicalis

Question 6

What innervates the sternothyroid?

Answer 6

ansa cervicalis

Question 7

What innervates the thyrohyoid?

Answer 7

nerve to thyrohyoid (from C1)

Question 8

List the suprahyoid muscles. (5)

Answer 8

anterior belly of the digastric

mylohyoid

posterior belly of the digastric

stylohyoid

geniohyoid

Question 9

What innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 9

mylohyoid nerve

Question 10

What innervates the mylohyoid?

Answer 10

mylohyoid nerve

Question 11

What innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 11

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 12

What innervates the stylohyoid?

Answer 12

facial nerve (CN VII)

Question 13

What innervates the geniohyoid?

Answer 13

C1

Question 14

The anterior triangle can be subdivided into what four triangles?

Answer 14

submandibular triangle

carotid triangle

muscular triangle

submental triangle

Question 15

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

Answer 15

inferior border of mandible

anterior belly of digastric

posterior belly of digastric

Question 16

What is another name for the submandibular triangle?

Answer 16

digastric triangle

Question 17

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle? (7)

Answer 17

submandibular gland

external carotid artery (facial + lingual branches)

hypoglossal nerve

mylohyoid nerve (from CN V₃)

facial vein

mylohyoid muscle

stylohyoid muscle

Question 18

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle? (3)

Answer 18

sternocleidomastoid

posterior belly of digastric

superior belly of the omohyoid

Question 19

What is the contents of the carotid triangle? (8)

Answer 19

carotid sinus + body

common, external (+ 5 branches), and internal carotids

internal jugular vein

vagus nerve

ansa cervicalis

hypoglossal nerve

nerve to thyrohyoid

cervical sympathetic trunk

Question 20

What are the five branches of the external carotid artery found in the carotid triangle?

Answer 20

superior thyroid artery (to thyroid gland)

lingual artery (to tongue)

facial artery

occipital artery (to posterior scalp)

ascending pharyngeal artery

Question 21

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the larynx?

Answer 21

internal laryngeal nerve

Question 22

What nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 22

external laryngeal nerve

Question 23

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

Answer 23

superior belly of omohyoid

sternocleidomastoid

midline of neck

Question 24

What is the contents of the muscular triangle? (7)

Answer 24

infrahyoid muscles

anterior jugular vein

thyroid gland

parathyroid glands

pharynx

larynx

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 25

What structure drains the skin of the anterior triangle?

Answer 25

anterior jugular vein

Question 26

What is the body's largest endocrine gland?

Answer 26

thyroid gland

Question 27

Where is the thyroid gland located along the vertebral column?

Answer 27

located from C5 to T1

Question 28

What five vessels supply the thyroid gland?

Answer 28

superior thyroid artery (from external carotid) inferior thyroid artery (from thyrocervical trunk) superior thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular) middle thyroid vein (drains into internal jugular) inferior thyroid vein (drains into brachiocephalic vein)

Question 29

How many parathyroid glands are there in the body?

Answer 29

4 (on posterior side of thyroid gland)

Question 30

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Answer 30

separate air and food passageways

Question 31

What is the function of the cricothyroid muscle?

Answer 31

moves thyroid cartilage

Question 32

What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve?

Answer 32

motor and sensory innervation to larynx

Question 33

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

Answer 33

body of hyoid left anterior belly of digastric right anterior belly of digastric

Question 34

What are the contents of the submental triangle?

Answer 34

mylohyoid muscles (which form the floor of the triangle)

Question 35

Describe the order of lymphatic structures in the neck region. (5)

Answer 35

superficial cervical lymph nodes → deep cervical lymph nodes → jugular lymphatic trunks → thoracic duct + right lymphatic trunk → venous angle

Question 36

Where are superficial cervical lymph nodes found?

Answer 36

along external jugular vein

Question 37

Where are the deep cervical lymph nodes found?

Answer 37

chain found adjacent to internal jugular vein and under the sternocleidomastoid

Question 38

What is the principal group of lymph nodes responsible for drainage in the head and neck?

Answer 38

deep cervical lymph nodes

Question 39

Describe the relationship between the jugular lymphatic trunks, the thoracic duct, and the right lymphatic duct.

Answer 39

jugular lymphatic trunk joins the thoracic duct on left side and right lymphatic duct on right side

Question 40

The venous angle is the junction of

Answer 40

the subclavian vein and internal jugular vein

Question 41

The right lymphatic trunk/duct is formed from (3)

Answer 41

right jugular lymphatic trunk right subclavian lymphatic trunk bronchomediastinal lymphatic trunk

Question 42

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 42

**S**ome **A**ngry **L**ady **F**igured **O**ut **PMS**: superior thyroid ascending pharyngeal lingual facial occipital posterior auricular maxillary superficial temporal

Question 43

What gives rise to the superior laryngeal artery?

Answer 43

superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the superior thyroid artery, which is a branch of the external carotid artery