how to treat cancers using pathology\

Question 1

does basal cell carcinoma invade

Answer 1

only locally
it never spreads to other parts of the body

Question 2

how to cure basal cell carcinoma

Answer 2

complete local excision

Question 3

common symptoms of leukaemia

Answer 3

systemic - weight loss, fever, infections

lungs - easy shortness of breath

muscular - weakness

bones or joints - pain or tenderness

physiological - fatigue, loss of appetite

lymph nodes - swelling

spleen and/or liver - enlargement

skin - night sweats, easy bleeding and bruising, purple spots

Question 4

do white blood cells circulate around the body?

Answer 4

YES

this means so will any tumour of white blood cells

Question 5

where do carcinomas spread to

Answer 5

to the lymph nodes that drain the site of the carcinoma

they can spread through the blood to bone

Question 6

which cancers commonly spread to bone

Answer 6

breast, prostate, lung, thyroid, kidney

Question 7

describe plan for treatment of breast cancer

Answer 7

1. confirm diagnosis
2. has it spread to axilla?
   if yes - need to clear axillary node
   if no -
3. has it spread to rest of body
   if yes - systemic (chemo) therapy needed
   if no - surgery with or without axillary lymph node clearance

Question 8

can micro metastases still be present even if a tumour is completely excised

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what is adjuvant therapy

Answer 9

extra treatment given after surgical excision