ageing & immunity

Question 1

what 5 diseases are associated with ageing

Answer 1

neurodegenerative diseases

cardiovascular diseases

cancers

autoimmune diseases

covid 19

Question 2

which cells involved in immunity

Answer 2

T cells
B cells
NK cells
neutrophils
dendritic cells
macrophages

Question 3

what occurs to body in ageing (6)

Answer 3

• chronic inflammation
• cell death or damage
• SASP
• shortened telomere
• declined autophagic activity
• changes of gut microbiota

Question 4

what are the 3 levels of hallmarks of ageing

Answer 4

systematic level

cellular level

molecular level

Question 5

what is a systematic level hallmark of ageing

Answer 5

nutritional dysregulation

causes reduced nutrient sensing

Question 6

give 3 cellular level hallmarks of ageing

Answer 6

cellular senescence

stem cell exhaustion

altered intercellular communication

Question 7

give 6 molecular level hallmarks of ageing

Answer 7

genomic instability

telomere shortening

epigenetic alteration

loss of proteostasis

compromised autophagy

mitochondrial dysfunction

Question 8

define immunosenscence

Answer 8

a process of immune dysfunction that occurs with age and includes remodeling of lymphoid organs, leading to changes in the immune function of the elderly, which is closely related to the development of infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignant tumors

Question 9

how can you reduce immunesnesnace

Answer 9

modification of lifestyle

pharmacological interventions