HIV Epidemiology

Question 1

what is the 90/90/90 global target

Answer 1

90% of people living with HIV being diagnosed
90% diagnosed on ART (antiretroviral therapy)
90% viral suppression for those on ART by 2020

Question 2

why is diagnosing HIV on time so important

Answer 2

Fewer people are diagnosed with an AIDS-defining illness
But the numbers diagnosed late remain high
Late diagnosis = ten-fold increased risk of death in the first year of diagnosis

Question 3

what are the 3 HIV transmission routes

Answer 3

blood
sexual
vertical

Question 4

what are the benefits of knowing HIV status

Answer 4

• Access to appropriate treatment and care
• Reduction in morbidity and mortality
• Reduction in mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT)
• Reduction of sexual transmission
• Public health
• Cost-effective

Question 5

what makes early diagnosis cost effective

Answer 5

savings on:
- social care
- lost working days
- benefits claimed
- costs associated with further onward transmission

Question 6

recognised risk factors for hiv

Answer 6

Sexual contact with people from high prevalence groups – MSM, sub-Saharan African/ Thailand

Multiple sexual partners

Rape in high prevalence localities

Question 7

symptoms of HIV

Answer 7

• Acute generalized rash
• Glandular fever
• Indicators of immune dysfunction
• Unexplained weight loss or night sweats
• Recurrent bacterial infections including - pneumococcal pneumonia

Question 8

what does early diagnosis of HIV reduce

Answer 8

mortality and morbidity and transmission

Question 9

should asymtomatic screening be encouraged

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

when do you carry out routine HIV tests

Answer 10

in patients with suggestive symptoms/conditions eg TB