Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

intro to clinical sciences phase 2 > fungal infections > Flashcards

fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

biology of fungi

A

eukaryotic
chitinous cell wall
heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do fungi move

A

by means of growth or through the generation of spores which are carried through air or water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is yeast

A

yeasts are small single called organisms that divide by budding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what % of fungal species are yeast

A

yeast account for <1% of fungal species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

describe moulds

A

moulds form multicellular hyphae and spores

some fungi exist as both yeasts and mould switching between the two when conditions suit - dimorphic fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how many species of fungi are there

A

5 million

but only a few hundred have been reported as causing human infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

why do only a few hundred fungi affects humans

A

because they are unable to grow at 37 degrees

and because of the innate and adaptive immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

are there lots of anti fungal drugs

A

no there are limited options

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

describe dna/rna synthesis of fungi

A

its similar to mammalian

via protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

describe fungal cel wall

A

mannoproteins
B1,3 glucan
B1,6 glucan
chitin

doesn’t exist in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

describe fugal cell membrane

A

contains ergosterol

human cell membrane contains cholesterol not ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what drugs affect dna synthesis in fungi

A

flucytosine

griseofulvin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

which drugs affect fungal cell wall

A

echinocandins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which drugs affect plasma membrane of fungi

A

polyenes eg amphotericin
azores
allylamines eg terbinafine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

which fungal ifnection is very common

A

superficial fungal infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

which fungal ifnection is rare

A

invasive fungal infection

it’s rare but its easily missed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

are life threatenig fungal infections common

A

no
life threatening fungal infection is rare in healthy hosts

but most people would have had normal fungal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what are dimorphic fungi

A

Some fungi exist as both yeasts and moulds switching between the two when conditions suit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is mucosal candidiasis

A

a common and recurrent disease that causes significant morbidity

20
Q

risk factors for mucosal candidiasis

A

immunosuppresion
diabetes
antibacterial therapy
mucosal disruption

21
Q

treatment for mucosal candidiasis

A

topical or oral azoles

22
Q

impact of resistance on mucosal candidiasis

A

resistant disease is common in recurrent cases

acquired resistance in normally susceptible species

selection for intrinsically resistant species

23
Q

what are dermatophyte infections due to

A

trichophyton spp
microsporum spp
epidermophyton floccosum

24
Q

how can you get dermatophyte infections

A

human-human or animal-human transmittion

25
Q

treatment for dermatophyte infections

A

usually with topical or oral azoles
or
terbinafine

26
Q

examples of dermatophyte diseases

A

tines capitis
tines corporis
tinea cruris
tinea unguium
tinea pedis

27
Q

is ringworm a worm

A

no

28
Q

how do dimorphic fungi cause disease

A

they can cause severe infection in healthy hosts in endemic areas

infection via inhalation of conidia from soil or implantation

29
Q

what temp do dimorphic fungi mould at

A

ambient temp
25-30 C

30
Q

when do dimorphic fungi convert to yeast form

A

at 37C
occurs in response to heat related stress on organism

31
Q

what does ‘true pathogens’ refer to

A

infect healthy hosts

32
Q

what diseases can coccidioides cause

A

asymptomatic/ sub clinical ifne3ction is common

most of rest - community acquired pneumonia

severe disease - respiratory failiure or septic shock

late disease - does not correlate with severity of initial smtooms

33
Q

late manifestations of coccidioides

A

cavitatory lung disease

orthopaedic

cutaneous ulcers and abscesses

cervical lymphadenopathy

intracranial - chronic meningitis s

34
Q

describe NHS anti fungal spend

A

> £150m/year

much of this cost is prophylaxis or empirical treatment of possible invasive fungal disease due to poor diagnostics

35
Q

what does fungal diagnosis usually rely on

A

relies on it being in the differential

36
Q

what is invasive candidiasis

A

a disease that is mostly due to ifnection of prosthetic devices or intra and abdominal disease

37
Q

what does cryptococcus cause

A

acute or chronic meningitis in patients with reduced cell mediated immunity

38
Q

differential diagnosis of sub/acute chronic meningitis

A

• Infective
– Tuberculosis
– Cryptococcus
– Dimorphic fungi – Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces
– Lyme
– Brucella
– Syphilis
• Non-infective
– Sarcoidosis
– Behçets’s
– SLE
– Malignant
– Drug induced

39
Q

treatment for cryptococcus

A

liposomal amphotericin B and flucytosine with maintenance fluconazole

40
Q

are mucorarecous moulds common

A

no they are rare but cause rapidly progressive infections that cross tissue planets

41
Q

what is the aim of anti microbial drug therapy

A

to achieve inhibitory levels of agent at the site of infection without host cell toxicity

42
Q

what does antimicrobial drug therapy rely on

A

upon identifying molecules with selective toxicity for organism targets

43
Q

what are organism targets for antimicrobial drug therapy

A

Target does not exist in humans
Target is significantly different to human analogue
Drug is concentrated in organism cell with respect to humans
Increased permeability to compound
Modification of compound in organism or human cellular environment
Human cells are ‘rescued’ from toxicity by alternative metabolic pathways

44
Q

is severe fungal disease commo in healthy people

A

no Severe disease is caused by a small number of fungi in the immunocompromised
Fungal infection can be the initial presentation of the underlying disease

45
Q

why are fungi difficult to treat

A

because we have relatively few classes of agent effective against them

intro to clinical sciences phase 2 (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions