HIV/AIDS Flashcards
HIV
Human immunodeficiency virus
AIDS
Acquired Immune Deficiency
Transmition
Sexual intercourse
Blood
Mother to baby
Classification:
Based on…
1-3
Based on CD4+ lymph count
1 = >500 cells/mL
2 = 200-499 cells/mL
3 = <200 cells/mL
Detection
ELISA test
Detects anti-HIV antibodies
Most people develop antibodies after 3m
Detection
If +ve ELISA
Secondary tests would involve CD4+ T cell count and viral load
Progression
Typical
Rapid
Slow
Long term
Prevalence
36.9m worldwide
Highest Africa + SE Asia
HIV
Retrovirus
Can stay dormant so immune cells don’t notice
Attached to CD4+ glycoprotein receptor (found on immune cells)
HIV -> AIDS
Weakening immune system and allows opportunistic infections
CD4+ T-lymphocytes
Function (3)
Regulate many aspects of immune response
Control of activity of antibody-producing cells
Control activity of cell-mediated immune cells
Symptoms
Primarily as a result of conditions due to poor immune system
Affect nearly every organ system
Increased risk of developing cancers
WHO Classification
Stage 1
Asymptomatic
Normal activity
E.g. asymptomatic infection or acute retroviral infection
WHO classification
Stage 2
Symptoms but nearly fully mobile
Unintentional weight loss >10%
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections
WHO classification
Stage 3
Bed more than normal
Chronic diarrhoea >1m
Fever >1m
Several bacterial infections
WHO classification
Stage 4
Bed >1/2 normal daytime
HIV wasting syndrome
Toxoplasmosis of brain
Lymphoma
Treatment
ART
Anti-retroviral therapy
Combo >3 AR drugs
Lifelong
Suppress viral replication
Treatment
WHO
ART should be initiated for all adults living with HIV
Assessment + management of CV risk same as general population
Treatment
Nutrient
Look at drug-nutrient interactions
Treatment
Short term consequences
Fatigue Dizziness Rashes Sleep disturbances Hair loss
Treatment
Long term consequences
Lipodystrophy
T2DM
Pancreatitis
Nutritional considerations (6)
Wasting/weight loss Dyslipidaemia GI disturbances Altered glucose metabolism Lipodystrophy Obesity
Symptom management
N+V - small, frequent, ginger
Taste change - marinade, herbs/spices
Dietetic Assessment
Anthropometry
Use variety
Signs of malnutrition
Dietetic Assessment
Clinical
Current medical status Medications Use of supplements CVD risk Bowel history Blood pressure
Dietetic Assessment
Dietary
Intake + food patterns Nutritional knowledge Food + water safety Lifestyle (takeaway/eating out/job) Medication timing
Dietetic Assessment
Environmental (6)
Psychosocial Education Functional Financial Culture Living enviroment
Dietetic Assessment
Summary
Healthy eating for adequate nutrition, healthy immune system
Food + water safety
Nutritional strategies for symptom management
Drug-nutrient interactions
