HIV/AIDS

Question 1

HIV

Answer 1

Human immunodeficiency virus

Question 2

AIDS

Answer 2

Acquired Immune Deficiency

Question 3

Transmition

Answer 3

Sexual intercourse
Blood
Mother to baby

Question 4

Classification:
Based on…
1-3

Answer 4

Based on CD4+ lymph count
1 = >500 cells/mL
2 = 200-499 cells/mL
3 = <200 cells/mL

Question 5

Detection

ELISA test

Answer 5

Detects anti-HIV antibodies

Most people develop antibodies after 3m

Question 6

Detection

If +ve ELISA

Answer 6

Secondary tests would involve CD4+ T cell count and viral load

Question 7

Progression

Answer 7

Typical
Rapid
Slow
Long term

Question 8

Prevalence

Answer 8

36.9m worldwide

Highest Africa + SE Asia

Question 9

HIV

Answer 9

Retrovirus
Can stay dormant so immune cells don’t notice
Attached to CD4+ glycoprotein receptor (found on immune cells)

Question 10

HIV -> AIDS

Answer 10

Weakening immune system and allows opportunistic infections

Question 11

CD4+ T-lymphocytes

Function (3)

Answer 11

Regulate many aspects of immune response
Control of activity of antibody-producing cells
Control activity of cell-mediated immune cells

Question 12

Symptoms

Answer 12

Primarily as a result of conditions due to poor immune system
Affect nearly every organ system

Increased risk of developing cancers

Question 13

WHO Classification

Stage 1

Answer 13

Asymptomatic
Normal activity

E.g. asymptomatic infection or acute retroviral infection

Question 14

WHO classification

Stage 2

Answer 14

Symptoms but nearly fully mobile

Unintentional weight loss >10%
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections

Question 15

WHO classification

Stage 3

Answer 15

Bed more than normal

Chronic diarrhoea >1m
Fever >1m
Several bacterial infections

Question 16

WHO classification

Stage 4

Answer 16

Bed >1/2 normal daytime

HIV wasting syndrome
Toxoplasmosis of brain
Lymphoma

Question 17

Treatment

ART

Answer 17

Anti-retroviral therapy
Combo >3 AR drugs
Lifelong
Suppress viral replication

Question 18

Treatment

WHO

Answer 18

ART should be initiated for all adults living with HIV

Assessment + management of CV risk same as general population

Question 19

Treatment

Nutrient

Answer 19

Look at drug-nutrient interactions

Question 20

Treatment

Short term consequences

Answer 20

Fatigue
Dizziness
Rashes
Sleep disturbances
Hair loss

Question 21

Treatment

Long term consequences

Answer 21

Lipodystrophy
T2DM
Pancreatitis

Question 22

Nutritional considerations (6)

Answer 22

Wasting/weight loss
Dyslipidaemia
GI disturbances 
Altered glucose metabolism
Lipodystrophy
Obesity

Question 23

Symptom management

Answer 23

N+V - small, frequent, ginger

Taste change - marinade, herbs/spices

Question 24

Dietetic Assessment

Anthropometry

Answer 24

Use variety

Signs of malnutrition

Question 25

Dietetic Assessment

Clinical

Answer 25

Current medical status
Medications
Use of supplements
CVD risk
Bowel history
Blood pressure

Question 26

Dietetic Assessment

Dietary

Answer 26

Intake + food patterns
Nutritional knowledge
Food + water safety
Lifestyle (takeaway/eating out/job)
Medication timing

Question 27

Dietetic Assessment

Environmental (6)

Answer 27

Psychosocial 
Education
Functional
Financial
Culture
Living enviroment

Question 28

Dietetic Assessment

Summary

Answer 28

Healthy eating for adequate nutrition, healthy immune system
Food + water safety
Nutritional strategies for symptom management
Drug-nutrient interactions