Acquired Brain Injury

Question 1

Definition (4)

Answer 1

Occurred since birth
Physical or chemical
Traumatic or non-traumatic
Non-degenerative

Question 2

Types (8)

Answer 2

Traumatic
Lack of oxygen
Ischaemic stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke
Metabolic disorders
Infections
Brain tumour

Question 3

Brain

3 tissues

Answer 3

Dura mater
Arachnoid
Pia matter

Question 4

Brain

Lobes

Answer 4

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital 
Limbic

Question 5

Nutritional impact (5)

Answer 5

Physical - cook/shop/swallow
Cognitive - memory/perception/phobia
Communication - speech/preferences/hunger
Emotional - isolation/depression/risk taking behaviours

Question 6

Traumatic brain injury

Prevalence

Answer 6

Young people
Alcohol
Males

Glasgow coma scale

Question 7

Traumatic brain injury

Nutrition

Answer 7

Hypercatabolism
High risk choking
Constipation
Optimum nutrition to prevent infection + muscle wasting

Question 8

CVA

Answer 8

Stroke
Common in scotland
Mortality risk right after

Question 9

TIA

Answer 9

Temporary reduction blood to brain
<24hr symptoms
25% have stroke after
FAST

Question 10

TIA risk factors

Answer 10

Smoking
Low PA
High fat
High alcohol
High blood pressure
DM

Question 11

Stroke

Management

Answer 11

Acute care phase
Rehabilitation phase
Continuing care phase

Question 12

Stroke

SIGN 119

Answer 12

Nutritional screening within 48hr (repeated regularly)
Screen for dysphagia
If req texture modified - attractive, appetising, choice
Consider NG tube for dysphagia - PEG if >4wk

Question 13

Stroke

Dietitian

Answer 13

Ensure restrictions + therapeutic diets delivered
Advise/educate on prevention
Work with those inadequate fluid/nutrition
Train MDT screening
Texture modification

Question 14

Dysphagia

Answer 14

Immediate management
Consider length + plan for long-term

IDDSI - 1-3: flow, 3+4 fork drip/spoon tilt, 5+6 size

Restrictions - skin, mixed texture, hard/dry, chewy, crispy, crumbly, stringy, bone