HISTORY (summer exam) Flashcards
What did William say Harold Godwinson had done in 1064?
Sworn an oath to help William take the throne after Edward.
What did William promise to those who helped him defeat Harold Godwinson?
Money and land
What special thing was given to William before he invaded?
Approval from the pope
What caused William’s invasion to be delayed?
Strong winds
What date was the Battle of Hastings?
14 October 1066
What was the Norman tactic to break the Saxon shield wall?
Feingned retreat
What did William become known as?
William the Conqueror
Who led the Saxons in the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
King Harold II
What was the outcome of the Battle of Stamford Bridge?
Harold II defeated Hardrada and Tostig, killing many Vikings.
Name three ways William controlled England.
The Feudal System, building motte-and-bailey castles, the Harrying of the North
Describe the Feudal System under William.
King at top, nobles (clergy, barons, lords) below Knights,* peasants* at the bottom; nobles provided money and armies in return for* land*.
What was the Harrying of the North?
- William’s army destroyed notherthern villages
- killed thousands
- devastated farmland
This caused important SK: 100,000 deaths to end rebellion.
Give two advantages of motte-and-bailey castles.
Easy to build, don’t need many supplies
Give two disadvantages of motte-and-bailey castles.
Easy to get into, fragile
How did motte-and-bailey castles help William control England?
Built quickly for immediate defense and intimidation.
Describe the significance of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.
Center for academic research and debate, open to all faiths with knowledge to share.
Name one significant medieval Muslim scientist and their contribution.
Ibn Al Haytham - light travels in straight lines
What was the impact of Arabic literature such as ‘Arabian Nights’ in Baghdad?
It encouraged manners, and advanced culture and intellect.
Who was Mansa Sunjata and why was he significant?
- Founder of the Mali Empire
- united 12 tribes
- ruled for 25 years.
Who was Mansa Musa and why was he significant?
- Expanded Mali
- Journeyed to Mecca
- made Mali known as the ‘city of gold’
Why might Mansa Musa be considered the greatest Mansa?
- Grew empire
- Strengthened the Mali Empire’s economy and culture.
- Richest man in history
