Earth’s structure The structure of the earth 2 (summer exam)

Question 1

Types of rocks
Rocks are classified into three groups:
Sedimentary rocks
Igneous rocks
Metamorphic rocks

Answer 1

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Question 2

Sedimentary rocks
These are formed from layers of sediment, and which can contain fossils.
Sediments are small particles which settle out from slow moving water in rivers, lakes or oceans. Over time the layers of sediments are cemented together and compressed by the weight above it.

Answer 2

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Question 3

Sedimentary rocks Fossils can be found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils are formed from the hard parts of an animals (shell or skeleton) are trapped in sediments when it turns into rocks.

Answer 3

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Question 4

Sedimentary rocks Over time, the shell or skeleton is replaced with minerals, which become the fossil.

Answer 4

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Question 5

Igneous rocks
These are formed from cooled magma or lava, with minerals arranged in crystals.

Answer 5

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Question 6

Magma – molten rock found below the Earth’s surface
Lava – molten rock found on the surface of the Earth

Answer 6

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Question 7

The size of the crystals depends on the speed of cooling.
Large crystals mean the rock has cooled slowly underground – intrusive igneous rock
Small crystals mean the rock has cooled quickly above ground – extrusive igneous rock

Answer 7

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Question 8

Metamorphic rocks Formed from existing sedimentary or igneous rocks placed under extreme temperature and pressure over a long period of time.
These rocks tend to be harder and resistant to erosion which is why they are used in flooring and worktops.

Answer 8

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Question 9

LOOK AT REVISION SLIDES FOR A BETTER UNDERSTANDING

Answer 9

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