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CWE > History > Flashcards

History Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Dolia?

A

A flat jar used for storing snacks in wine bars in Pompei.

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2
Q

Who was King Jamshid?

A

A Persian king in a Persian legend that purportedly invented wine.

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3
Q

What ancient wine writer is credited with being the first to give names to grapes?

A

Pliny

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4
Q

What was the Terebinth tree?

A

The sap from the tree was used to create resin for sealing containers.

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5
Q

What was a Posca Roman Wine?

A

A mix of thin sour wine and water.

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6
Q

What was a Mulsum Roman Wine?

A

A sweet mixture of wine and honey.

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7
Q

What religious order was Clos de Vougeot associated with?

A

The Cistercians.

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8
Q

When was the Opimium Vintage?

A

121 B.C.

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9
Q

Who was Christopher Merret?

A

An Englishmen credited with being the first to purposely create sparkling wine.

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10
Q

In the 1600s, what was Madeira in Charleston and Savannah often named after?

A

The ship that transported it.

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11
Q

Who was Sir Kenelm Digby?

A

Owner of a British glass factory that made strong glass as early as 1632.

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12
Q

Who was Arnaud de Pontac?

A

First to charge high prices for wine from Bordeaux, the estate of Haut-Brion.

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13
Q

Who was Duggie Jooste?

A

Recreated Vin de Constance in 1980m released in 1989.

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14
Q

Who was famous for diluting their wine?

A

The Greeks

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15
Q

Who was Georges Ravenscroft?

A

The first person to add lead to glass, creating very strong but clear glass for use in bottles and decanters.

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16
Q

What was Homer’s preferred ratio of water to wine?

A

20:1

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17
Q

When are the “blood vintages” of Champagne?

A

Champagne vintages from 1914 and 1915.

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18
Q

What is believed to be the oldest wine bottle that still exists today?

A

A 1540 Steinwein form Germany.

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19
Q

What wine was mentioned in Shakespeare’s Falstaff?

A

Sherris sack (Sherry)

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20
Q

What was the name of the law that enforced prohibition in the U.S.?

A

The Volstead Act.

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21
Q

When was the law enforcing prohibition in the US in effect?

A

January 17, 1920 - December 5, 1933.

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22
Q

Where are some likely locations for the first wines to have been made?

A

The Transcaucuses - (in Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan)
Turkey’s Southern Anatolia
Zagros Mountains of Iran.

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23
Q

What are the Transcaucasus?

A

An area south of the Caucasus mountains including Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. May have been where wine was first made.

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24
Q

What are the Zagros Mountains?

A

A mountain range in Iran, where wine may have originated.

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25
Q

What is the Southern Analotia?

A

A region of Turkey where it is possible that wine was first made.

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26
Q

What did the Georgians call wine?

A

Gvino - they may have been the first to give wine a name.

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27
Q

Who was Enkidu?

A

A character in the Babylonian “Epic of Gilgamesh”. A “wild man of the woods”, cited as an ancient example of wine in literature.

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28
Q

What is Shiraz named after?

A

The town of Shiraz in ancient Persia.

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29
Q

Who was Dionysus?

A

The Greek god of wine.

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30
Q

Who was Eubulus?

A

A Greek poet who wrote about the effects of the ten bowls of wine relating to their effect on activity.

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31
Q

What two types of wine did the ancient Greeks drink?

A

Early picked, thin, raw, quick to go sour.
Sweet wines made by drying the grapes.

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32
Q

Where did the Greeks spread their wine?

A

The Roman Empire, France, North Africa, and western Russia.

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33
Q

Where in Italy did the Greeks settle prior to the Romans?

A

Southern Italy and Sicily.

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34
Q

What was Dionysus known as by the Romans?

A

Bacchus

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35
Q

Where were the first examples found of wine in jars marked with the style, year, area of production, and name of the producer?

A

Egypt - the tomb of Tutankhamun.

36
Q

How did we learn so much about wine making in ancient Egypt?

A

Murals on the walls in tombs of less exalted figures, eg. Khaemwaset, which shows a particularly comprehensive view of the process of wine making.

37
Q

Who developed the first amphorae?

A

The Egyptians.

38
Q

What are amphorae?

A

Tall earthenware jars whose pointed bottoms could be buried in sand and transported without breaking, and had narrow necks to seal to prevent air from attacking the wine.

39
Q

Who is believed to have first invented the glass for drinking wine?

A

The Phoenicians, possibly the Syrians or Egyptians.

40
Q

When was glass for drinking first made?

A

Some think as early as 1500 BC in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. It reemerged in the 8th century BC in the same area as well as mesopotamia.

41
Q

How was the first Phoenician drinking glass made?

A

By molding with molten glass and sand.

42
Q

When and where did glass blowing originate?

A

Phoenicia or Syria, in about the 1st century BC.

43
Q

What ancient city in Persia was known for its wine production?

A

Shiraz.

44
Q

What was Byblos?

A

A northern Phoenician town famous in Greece for its wines.

45
Q

Where are some areas the Phoenicians are believed to have brought vines to?

A

Cyprus, areas around the Douro and Tagus rivers in Portugal, and Ebro in Spain, as far as Rioja.

46
Q

Who are some Romans who wrote about wine?

A

Cato, Horace, Virgil, Ovid, Pliny, Galen.

47
Q

Who first wrote about how wine improves with age?

A

Horace

48
Q

Who first wrote about the virtues of late-harvesting grapes and how to install drainage in damp vineyards?

A

Virgil

49
Q

Who was Cato?

A

A Roman writer who set down the rules for efficient large-scale wine estates.

50
Q

Who was Columella?

A

A Roman writer who described methods of pruning and trellising, yield, harvest dates, and other details that are still valid today.

51
Q

What did Pliny write about wine?

A

He classified wines into different ranks, and was the first person to begin to categorize grape varieties. He found 80 varieties, some of which still exist today.

52
Q

What are some grapes that are believed to have been around during Roman times?

A

Greco di Tufo
Fiano
Piedirosso

53
Q

What wine still in existence to day is made in a way similar to Roman wine?

A

Vin Santo in Tuscany
Madeira

54
Q

How long has wine been made in Georgia?

A

8000 years.

55
Q

What was the Opimian Vintage?

A

The most famous Roman wine made near Naples. Was still able to be drunk 100 years later.

56
Q

What is a fumarium?

A

A loft over a smoke room, where wine was heated, oxidized, and pasteurized, all at the same time, similar to Madeira today.

57
Q

Where did the Romans bring vines while “empire-building”?

A

Catalonia, the Duero Valley, Rioja
The Rhine and Mosel
The Rhone Valley, Burgundy, the Loire, Champagne and Bordeaux.

58
Q

Who described, in his book “Natural History” , resin having the color of honey with a fleshy consistency?

A

Pliny

59
Q

Who generally liked the taste of resin in their wines, and who did not?

A

The Romans liked it, the Greeks not so much.

60
Q

What ancient city was Rome’s wine port?

A

Pompeii

61
Q

Where did the idea of the wealthy running vineyards not for profit but to show off their wealth originate?

A

The hills around Pompeii in the first century.

62
Q

What were amphoriskos?

A

Tiny glass jars about 4 inches high and 2 inches across used for serving wine in Rome.

63
Q

What order of monasteries were the first great order to influence the world of wine?

A

The Benedictines.

64
Q

Which two orders of monasteries had abbeys in Burgundy in the Middle Ages?

A

The Cisterians and the Benedictines.

65
Q

Where did the Benedictines build up vineyards?

A

Burgundy’s Gevrey-Chambertin and Vosne-Romanee
The Rhone, Champagne, and the Loire.
Mosel and Rhine Valleys, Franken
Austria/Switzerland

66
Q

Where did the Cistercians develop vineyards?

A

Champagne, the Loire, Provence
Germany
Burgundy’s Cote d’Or

67
Q

When and why was the Cistercian order founded?

A

In 1112 to counter the less austere Benedictines.

68
Q

What city in France was a prosperous wine port during the middle ages?

A

La Rochelle

69
Q

When and why did Aquitaine become part of England?

A

1151, when Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine.

70
Q

When did the Dutch drain the Medoc in Bordeaux?

A

The 17th century.

71
Q

Why did the 1540 Steinwein survive so long?

A

It had both high acidity, and was from an unusually warm vintage so was able to ripen well. They were also allowed to add sulphur to wine as of 1487.

72
Q

Where did the 1540 Steinwein come from?

A

The Wurzburger Stein vineyards in the cellars of the Prince-Bishops.

73
Q

Who were likely the first wine growers to use grapes that had noble rot?

A

The Hungarians.

74
Q

What wine was once said to contain gold?

A

Tokaj

75
Q

What does the Hungarian word Aszu mean in English?

A

Shrivelled, desiccated grapes, and grapes whose sugar is concentrated by noble rot.

76
Q

When was the first mention of Aszu grape wine?

A

1571.

77
Q

When did Germany first start purposefully nobly rotting their grapes?

A

1775.

78
Q

What is the legend concerning the first azsu wine?

A

Szepsi Mate postponed the vintage at the Oremus vineyard of 1630, fearing an attack by the Turks.

79
Q

What was Verre Anglais?

A

“English Glass”, a bottle strong enough to withstand the pressure from sparkling wine.

80
Q

Where did the original use of a second fermentation in the bottle used for sparkling wine develop?

A

In England with the cidermakers of Hereford, Somerset and Gloucester.

81
Q

What was English Champagne?

A

What many in London called bottle-fermented ciders.

82
Q

Who was Christopher Merret?

A

The Englishman who may have been the first to determine how to make sparkling wine by adding sugar to cause a second fermentation..

83
Q

When was cork first used for stopping wine bottles on a regular basis?

A

The 1740.

84
Q

Who first used cork as an occasional stopper?

A

The Greeks and Romans.

85
Q

When did wine bottles first start being produced with the aim of aging the wine in mind?

A

The middle of the 18th century.

CWE (58 decks)

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