HISTOLOGY LAB: BLOOD CELLS

Question 1

What are hematopoietic cells responsible for?

Answer 1

Creates hematopoietic tissue wherein new blood cells are formed (hematopoiesis).

Question 2

Where are hematopoietic cells formed?

Answer 2

In red bone marrow in flat bones (pelvis, sternum, skull, scapula) and ends of long bones.

Question 3

What changes occur in red marrow as a young individual grows?

Answer 3

The red marrow in long bones changes to yellow marrow.

Question 4

How do immature blood cells differ from mature blood cells?

Answer 4

Immature blood cells are in the development stage, while mature blood cells are fully formed and functional.

Question 5

What are the two major types of blood cells?

Answer 5

Erythrocytes (RBC) and leukocytes (WBC).

Question 6

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

Answer 6

Transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

Question 7

What shape do erythrocytes have and why is it important?

Answer 7

Biconcave shape increases surface area for efficient gas exchange.

Question 8

What feature of erythrocytes allows them to pass through narrow capillaries?

Answer 8

A flexible membrane.

Question 9

What do erythrocytes lack that maximizes space for hemoglobin?

Answer 9

A nucleus.

Question 10

What binds to oxygen for transport in erythrocytes?

Answer 10

Hemoglobin.

Question 11

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

Answer 11

In the bone marrow.

Question 12

What hormone stimulates erythropoiesis?

Answer 12

Erythropoietin.

Question 13

What triggers the release of erythropoietin?

Answer 13

Low oxygen levels.

Question 14

What is the average lifespan of an erythrocyte?

Answer 14

Circulates for about 120 days before being broken down by the spleen.

Question 15

What are granulocytes?

Answer 15

A type of leukocyte characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules.

Question 16

What are the types of granulocytes?

Answer 16

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Question 17

What is the role of neutrophils?

Answer 17

To respond to infections and inflammation.

Question 18

What features characterize neutrophils?

Answer 18

Prominent cytoplasmic granules and multilobed nuclei.

Question 19

How long does it take for neutrophils to be replaced?

Answer 19

12 hours.

Question 20

What is a band neutrophil?

Answer 20

A slightly immature neutrophil with a crescent-shaped nucleus.

Question 21

What is the function of basophils?

Answer 21

To respond to allergies and parasitic infections.

Question 22

What is the shape of basophils’ nuclei?

Answer 22

Bean-shaped.

Question 23

What percentage of circulating WBCs do basophils represent?

Answer 23

Up to 1%.

Question 24

What do eosinophils respond to?

Answer 24

Allergies and parasitic infections.

Question 25

What distinguishes eosinophils?

Answer 25

Bilobed nucleus and prominent bright red cytoplasmic granules.

Question 26

What are the types of agranulocytes?

Answer 26

Lymphocytes and monocytes.

Question 27

What are T lymphocytes and what percentage do they represent?

Answer 27

They are a type of lymphocyte that makes up 80% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Question 28

What are B lymphocytes and what percentage do they represent?

Answer 28

They are a type of lymphocyte that makes up 20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Question 29

What is the characteristic of monocytes in terms of migration?

Answer 29

They can migrate into tissues.

Question 30

What do monocytes become once they migrate into tissues?

Answer 30

Macrophages.

Question 31

How long do macrophages typically last?

Answer 31

Weeks to months.

Question 32

What distinguishes the nucleus of monocytes?

Answer 32

It is folded and larger than that of lymphocytes.

Question 33

What is the mnemonic for the types of white blood cells?

Answer 33

NLMEB.

Question 34

What is the suffix for granulocytes?

Answer 34

-phil.

Question 35

What is the suffix for agranulocytes?

Answer 35

-cyte.

Question 36

What are the main differences between mammal and avian RBCs?

Answer 36

Mammal RBCs are biconcave and anucleated, while avian RBCs are oval and nucleated.