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Gutierrez- 1st Sem 3rd Year > HISTOLOGY LAB: BLOOD CELLS > Flashcards

HISTOLOGY LAB: BLOOD CELLS Flashcards

1
Q

What are hematopoietic cells responsible for?

A

Creates hematopoietic tissue wherein new blood cells are formed (hematopoiesis).

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2
Q

Where are hematopoietic cells formed?

A

In red bone marrow in flat bones (pelvis, sternum, skull, scapula) and ends of long bones.

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3
Q

What changes occur in red marrow as a young individual grows?

A

The red marrow in long bones changes to yellow marrow.

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4
Q

How do immature blood cells differ from mature blood cells?

A

Immature blood cells are in the development stage, while mature blood cells are fully formed and functional.

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5
Q

What are the two major types of blood cells?

A

Erythrocytes (RBC) and leukocytes (WBC).

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6
Q

What is the primary function of erythrocytes?

A

Transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

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7
Q

What shape do erythrocytes have and why is it important?

A

Biconcave shape increases surface area for efficient gas exchange.

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8
Q

What feature of erythrocytes allows them to pass through narrow capillaries?

A

A flexible membrane.

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9
Q

What do erythrocytes lack that maximizes space for hemoglobin?

A

A nucleus.

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10
Q

What binds to oxygen for transport in erythrocytes?

A

Hemoglobin.

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11
Q

Where does erythropoiesis occur?

A

In the bone marrow.

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12
Q

What hormone stimulates erythropoiesis?

A

Erythropoietin.

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13
Q

What triggers the release of erythropoietin?

A

Low oxygen levels.

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14
Q

What is the average lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

Circulates for about 120 days before being broken down by the spleen.

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15
Q

What are granulocytes?

A

A type of leukocyte characterized by prominent cytoplasmic granules.

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16
Q

What are the types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

17
Q

What is the role of neutrophils?

A

To respond to infections and inflammation.

18
Q

What features characterize neutrophils?

A

Prominent cytoplasmic granules and multilobed nuclei.

19
Q

How long does it take for neutrophils to be replaced?

A

12 hours.

20
Q

What is a band neutrophil?

A

A slightly immature neutrophil with a crescent-shaped nucleus.

21
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

To respond to allergies and parasitic infections.

22
Q

What is the shape of basophils’ nuclei?

A

Bean-shaped.

23
Q

What percentage of circulating WBCs do basophils represent?

A

Up to 1%.

24
Q

What do eosinophils respond to?

A

Allergies and parasitic infections.

25
Q

What distinguishes eosinophils?

A

Bilobed nucleus and prominent bright red cytoplasmic granules.

26
Q

What are the types of agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes and monocytes.

27
Q

What are T lymphocytes and what percentage do they represent?

A

They are a type of lymphocyte that makes up 80% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

28
Q

What are B lymphocytes and what percentage do they represent?

A

They are a type of lymphocyte that makes up 20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes.

29
Q

What is the characteristic of monocytes in terms of migration?

A

They can migrate into tissues.

30
Q

What do monocytes become once they migrate into tissues?

A

Macrophages.

31
Q

How long do macrophages typically last?

A

Weeks to months.

32
Q

What distinguishes the nucleus of monocytes?

A

It is folded and larger than that of lymphocytes.

33
Q

What is the mnemonic for the types of white blood cells?

A

NLMEB.

34
Q

What is the suffix for granulocytes?

A

-phil.

35
Q

What is the suffix for agranulocytes?

A

-cyte.

36
Q

What are the main differences between mammal and avian RBCs?

A

Mammal RBCs are biconcave and anucleated, while avian RBCs are oval and nucleated.

Gutierrez- 1st Sem 3rd Year (17 decks)

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