Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Gutierrez- 1st Sem 3rd Year > ANAT LEC FINALS: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM > Flashcards

ANAT LEC FINALS: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are involved in the conductive system of the respiratory tract?

A

Nasal cavity, bronchi, trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of epithelium lines the respiratory passage?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity’s turbinates?

A

To increase surface area for warming and humidifying air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which structures make up the four important cavities in the head?

A

Cranial cavity, oral cavity, nasal cavity, orbital cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What anatomical feature separates the nasal cavity into left and right compartments?

A

Nasal septum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which cartilage is represented by the ‘adam’s apple’ in the larynx?

A

Thyroid cartilage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the structural significance of the larynx in the respiratory system?

A

It contains the vocal cords and prevents food from entering the trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which feature opens into the larynx and esophagus?

A

Laryngopharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three apertures of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the term ‘windpipe’ refer to in the respiratory system?

A

The trachea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoids, corniculate, cuneiform.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What structures are termed the ‘pulmonary alveoli’?

A

Microscopic branches of bronchioles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which part of the respiratory system is termed the ‘voice box’?

A

The larynx.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the borders of the lung lobes in the right lung of a dog?

A

Apical, cardiac, intermediate, diaphragmatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two borders of the lungs?

A

Dorsal and ventral borders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What anatomical term describes the pointed portion of the lungs?

A

Apex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference in lobes between the left and right lungs?

A

The left lung has cranial and caudal lobes; the right has apical, cardiac, intermediate, and diaphragmatic lobes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What feature makes the ‘hilus’ significant in the lungs?

A

It is the indentation where structures such as vessels and bronchi enter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two main types of domestic animal lungs?

A

Type 1 (with secondary lobules), Type 2 (without secondary lobules).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What distinguishes a fetal lung from a normal lung?

A

A fetal lung is pale gray, smaller, sinks in water, and is firmer to touch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the three lines of reflection in the pleura?

A

Vertebral, sternal, diaphragmatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which mediastinal structures connect the heart with the body?

A

Aorta, vena cava, thoracic duct, esophagus, lymphatic nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What structure is termed the ‘principal muscle of inspiration’?

A

The diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three openings in the diaphragm?

A

Aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval foramen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Cranial, middle, caudal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the two layers of pleura lining the lungs?

A

Parietal pleura, visceral pleura.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What differentiates a serous lining in the thoracic cavity from one in the abdomen?

A

The thoracic lining is pleura; the abdominal lining is peritoneum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What species have lungs with an intermediate lobe?

A

Ox and sheep.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

In the pig, which lung lobe is distinctly marked?

A

The diaphragmatic lobe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is the comparative note on dog lungs?

A

The right lung is larger than the left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which structures pass through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

Esophagus and vagus nerves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What does the caval foramen in the diaphragm transmit?

A

The caudal vena cava.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What condition is caused by respiratory paralysis due to rabies infection?

A

Death of the individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the potential space in the middle of the thorax visible on radiographs?

A

The mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the structures termed as ‘openings’ in the diaphragm?

A

Hiatuses (aortic, esophageal, caval).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What is the main vascular function of the thoracic duct?

A

It drains lymph into the venous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Which mediastinal structures house the thymus in young animals?

A

Cranial mediastinum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What is the term for the diaphragm’s central tendinous structure?

A

Central tendon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the rib attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Ribs 8 to 12 (costal part).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What marks the difference in pleura between animals with thoracic cavity abnormalities?

A

The parietal pleura reflects off the ribs onto the diaphragm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Segments of respiratory system

A

Nasal Cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchioles, Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Systems/divisions of respiratory tract as to immune defenses

A

Conductive system, Transitional system, Gas-exchange system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Immune defense of conductive system

A

Mucociliary clearance mechanism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Immune defense of transitional system

A

Clara cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Immune defense of gas-exchange system

A

Intravascular pulmonary macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Trapping of particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Deposition

47
Q

Removal of trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Clearance

48
Q

Difference between deposited and trapped particles in the upper and middle respiratory passages

A

Retention

49
Q

Dorsal, lateral, and ventral boundaries of nasal cavity

A

Dorsally: nasal bone, Laterally: premaxilla and maxilla, Ventrally: palatine bone

50
Q

Rostral and caudal boundaries of nasal cavity

A

Rostrally: anterior nares/nostril, Caudally: posterior nares or choanae

51
Q

Apertures of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx

52
Q

Meatuses/air spaces in the nasal cavity

A

Superior nasal meatus, Middle nasal meatus, Inferior nasal meatus, Common nasal meatus

53
Q

Separates the nasal cavity into left and right

A

Nasal septum

54
Q

Common passageway for digestive and respiratory tracts

A

Pharynx

55
Q

Voicebox

A

Larynx

56
Q

Slit-like opening at the proximal aspect of larynx bounded on either side by vocal cords

A

Rima glottides

57
Q

Aspiration pneumonia

A

Accidental entry of food and water down to the respiratory passages

58
Q

Windpipe

A

Trachea

59
Q

Concentric layers of trachea

A

Fascia propria, Cartilaginous ring, Fibro-elastic layer, Muscular layer, Mucus membrane layer

60
Q

Cartilage type in tracheal rings

A

Hyaline cartilage

61
Q

Point of tracheal bifurcation

A

Carina

62
Q

Branches of bronchi

A

Primary bronchi, Secondary bronchi, Tertiary bronchi

63
Q

Biochemical principle; movement of molecules from area of greater to lesser concentration; describes exchange of gasses in alveoli

A

Diffusion

64
Q

Voice production; principal function of larynx

A

Phonation

65
Q

Sense of smell; principal function of chemoreceptive cells of nasal epithelium

A

Sense of smell; principal function of chemoreceptive cells of nasal epithelium

66
Q

Chemoreceptive cells of nasal epithelium send signals to the brain by way of?

A

Olfactory nerve (cranial nerve I)

67
Q

Pointed and wide portion of the lungs

A

Apex and Base

68
Q

Borders of lungs

A

Dorsal, Ventral

69
Q

Extra lobe of the right lung

A

Accessory lobe

70
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A

Tracheal lobe, Middle lobe, Accessory lobe, Caudal lobe

71
Q

Lobes of left lung

A

Cranial lobe, Caudal lobe

72
Q

Surfaces of the lung

A

Costal, Mediastinal, Interlobar, Diaphragmatic

73
Q

Broad, unpaired muscle forming a partition between thoracic and abdominal cavities

A

Diaphragm

74
Q

Parts of the diaphragm

A

Costal part, Sternal part, Lumbar part

75
Q

Hiatuses of the diaphragm

A

Hiatus aorticus, Hiatus esophageal, Caval foramen hiatus

76
Q

Structure passing through hiatus vena cava

A

Caudal vena cava

77
Q

Structures passing through hiatus aorticus

A

Aorta, Vena azygos, Cisterna chyli

78
Q

Structures passing through hiatus esophagi

A

Esophagus, Esophageal branch of gastric artery, Vagus nerve

79
Q

Regions/segments of mediastinum

A

Precardial, Cardial, Postcardial

80
Q

Serous lining of thorax (and abdomen)

A

Pleura

81
Q

Organ which regulates air volume in respiration

A

Larynx

82
Q

Organ which prevents aspiration of foreign bodies

A

Larynx

83
Q

Paired laryngeal cartilages

A

Arytenoid, Corniculates, Cuneiform

84
Q

Unpaired laryngeal cartilages

A

Cricoid, Thyroid, Epiglottic Cartilage (Epiglottis)

85
Q

Entrance of pharyngeal aperture, bounded by epiglottis, arytenoids, and ary-epiglottic folds

A

Aditus of larynx

86
Q

Laryngeal muscle which tenses the vocal cords

A

Crico-thyroid

87
Q

Structures entering or leaving the lungs at hilus

A

Bronchus, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary veins, Bronchial artery, Pulmonary nerves, Pulmonary lymph vessels

88
Q

Structures that pass through the precardial mediastinum

A

-Trachea
-Esophagus
-Blood vessels coonnecting heart with head neck, thoracic limbs
-Termination of thracic duct
-Cardiac and phrenic nerves
- vagus and sympathetic nerves
-Recurrent nerves
-Thymus
-Lymph glands

89
Q

Structures that pass through the cardial mediastinum

A

-Heart and pericardium
-start of arterial system and end of venous system
-esophagus
-termination of trachea
-thoracic duct
prenic, cardiac and pulmonary nerves
-vagus and sympathetic nerves
-left recurrent nerve

90
Q

Structures that pass through the postcardial mediastinum

A

-Aorta
-vena azygous
-thoracic duct
-esophagus
-vagus and sympathetic nerves
-left phrenic nerve

91
Q

it is divided into lobes by deep interlobar fissures

A

Ox/Sheep

92
Q

Lobes of Ox/sheep left lung

A

apical
cardiac
diaphragmatic

93
Q

obes of Ox/sheep right lung

A

apical
cardiac
intermediate/accessory
diaphragmatic

94
Q

apical lobe of right lung receives 3rd bronchus from trachea
opposite 3rd rib

A

Ox/sheep

95
Q

the lobation is very distinctly marked

A

ox/sheep

96
Q

same as ox and sheep but left lung can be regarded as
having only 2 lobes

A

pig

97
Q

diaphragmatic lobe is marked off by a distinct fissure

A

pig

98
Q

anterior to this, the apical and cardiac lobes are separated
only by a cardiac notch

A

pig

99
Q

the right lung is larger than the left

A

dog

100
Q

it is divided into 4 lobes by very deep fissures which extend
to the root

A

dog

101
Q

Lines of reflections of parietal pleura

A

vertebral
sternal
diaphragmatic

102
Q

where costal parietal pleura turns to mediastinal
pleura; facing the thoracic vertebra dorsally

A

vertebral

103
Q

where costal parietal pleura turns to mediastinal
pleura; faces the sternum ventrally

A

sternal

104
Q

where the parietal pleura is reflected to
diaphragm; faces the diaphragm caudally

A

diaphragmatic

105
Q

near the rib; at cartilages of ribs
8th, 9th, and 10th; thereafter the following ribs at an
increasing from their sternal ends

A

pars costalis/costal part

106
Q

nearest to the sternum
ventrally; at the upper part of the xiphoid

A

pars sternalis/sternal part

107
Q

dorsally it is nearest to the
lumbar vertebra

A

pars lumbalis/lumbar part

108
Q

1st to the 5th lumbar vertebrae
by means of the vertebral longitudinal
ligament

A

right crus

109
Q

similarly to the 1st and 2nd
lumbar vertebrae

A

left crus

110
Q

Structures which enter/ leave the lungs at hilus

A

bronchus
pulmonary artery
pulmonary veins
bronchial artery
pulmonary nerves
pulmonary lymph vessels

111
Q

it has well-developed secondary lobules
○ present in cattle, sheep, goat, and pig

A

type I lungs

112
Q

it has no secondary lobules
○ present in monkey, dog, and cat

A

type II lungs

113
Q

it has incompletely developed secondary lobules
○ only present in horses

A

type III lungs

Gutierrez- 1st Sem 3rd Year (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions