ANAT LEC: Digestive System Flashcards
Responsible for digestion and absorption of nutrients in a from of waste products (stool/ feces/ manure)
Digestive System
What are the three components of Digestive System
- Digestive Tract
- Digestive Glands
- Accessory Digestive Structures
What are the components of the digestive tract or alimentary canal?
- Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Glandular stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Anus
What are the components of Digestive Glands?
- Salivary Glands
- Liver and gall bladder
- Pancreas
What are the components of Accessory Digestive System?
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Cheeks
- Lips
- Soft palate
- Hard palate
It has structures for mechanical digestion of foods.
Mouth/ oral cavity/ buccal cavity
Boundaries of mouth: Dorsal
- hard and soft palate
-upper set of teeth
Boundaries of mouth: Ventral
- lower set of teeth
- tongue
- floor of mouth
Boundaries of mouth: lateral
-left and right cheeks
What is the tissue lining of the cheeks made of?
Simple squamous epithelium
Boundaries of mouth: Rostral
- upper and lower set of lips
Boundaries of mouth: caudal
Oropharynx
It connects the mouth to the esophagus and serves as a common passage way of food, water, and air.
Pharynx
What are the three apertures of pharynx?
- Oropharynx
-Nasopharynx
-Larygopharynx
Aperture of pharynx that opens to the mouth.
Oropharynx
Aperture of pharynx that opens to the nasal cavity.
Nasopharynx
Aperture of pharynx that opens up to the larynx and esophagus.
Laringopharynx
Musculo- membranous tube that extends from the pharynx to the stomach.
Esophagus
Passage way of bolus
Follow up: what is the pH of bolus
-esophagus
F: slightly alkaline
What is the bolus that passes through the esophagus called?
Ingesta
What are the three segments of esophagus?
-cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal
Segment of esophagus along the cervical vertebra.
Cervical
Segment of esophagus near the thoracic vertebra.
Thoracic
Segment of esophagus near the lumbar vertebra
FQ: this segment is only called _______ when it passes through _________ of the diaphragm
Abdominal
- Hiatus Esophagy
Separates from the thoracic from abdominal. It is the main inspiratory muscle.
Diaphrahm
IT IS A MUSCLE!
What are the layers of the esophagus?
- tunica mucosa
- tunica submucose
- tunica muscularis
- tunica adventitia
Inner layer of the esophagus
Outer layer of the esophagus
Tunica mucosa (inner layer)
Tunica adventitia (outer layer)
A layer of esophagus made of thick connective tissue.
FQ: layer of stomach made of thin CT
Tunica adventita
Tunica serosa
The outer layer of the stomach.
Tunica serosa
A muscular bag which temporary stores chyme. Pear- shaped.
Stomach
Ingesta upon mixing of bolus with gastric juice.
Fq: What is the ph of the answer and why?
Chyme
Strongly acidic (hydrochloric acid)
What are the 4 parts of the stomach?
-cardia
-fundus
-body
-pylorus
What are the 2 sphincter of the stomach and where can you find them?
Fq: what is their fnx?
- cardiac sphincter ( between esophagus and stomach)
-pyloric sphincter ( between stomach and duodenum)
Fq: prevent the backflow of ingesta
What are the 4 layers of the stomach?
- tunica mucosa
- t. Submucosa
-t. Muscularis
-t. Serosa
These are microscopic structures present in the body and fundus
Gastric gland
The gastric glands are composed of 2 cells. What are they?
Give their secretions.
-chief cells- secretes pepsinogen ( inactive form of pepsin)
- parietal cells- secretes HCl
What are the surfaces of the stomach and where do they face?
-parietal surface ( faces outside)
- visceral surface (faces inside)
What are the two curvatures of the stomach and where do they face?
- greater curvature (slpeen)
- lesser curvature ( liver)
Enumerate the 2 extremities of the stomach and where is it located?
- right extremity (near pylorus)
- left extremities ( near cardia)
What is the entrance of the stomach and where is it directed?
- Cardiac entrance (directed to left from esophagus)
What is the exit of stomach and where is it directed?
Fq: what guards it?
- pyloric exit (directed to right)
Fq: pyloric sphincter
It is a disease that affects large and deep chested dogs.
GDV (Gastric Dilation- Vuluulus) causes the stomach to twist
What holds the stomach in place?
- by pressure of surrounding organs
- by the esophagus
- by five peritoneal folds
What are the 5 peritoneal folds that holds the stomach in place?
Fq: It supports the Large and Small intestine
- Gastro- Phrenic (diaphragm)
- Gastro- Splenic (spleen)
- Gastro- pancreatic (pancreas)
- Greater- Omentum (attached to greater curvature)
-Lesser Omentum (attached to lesser curvature)
Fq: Mesentery
T/F
The small intestine is named base on its diameter.
The diameter of small intestine is larger than L intestine.
The length of the small intestine is shorter than L intestine.
True
False (it is smaller)
False (it is longer)
What are the segments of the small intestine?
- Duodenum
- Jejunum
- Ileum
It is the first segment of the small intestine. Describe it.
Duodenum
- where bile and pancreatic duct empties their content
- thickest segment
It is the longest segment, most movable, and most absorptive segment of small intestine.
Jejunum
It is the terminal segment of the small intestine and has immunologic function.
Fq: it has no intestinal infection due to?
-ileum
- Lymphoid aggregates (Peyer’s Patches)