ANAT LEC FINALS: CARDIO RECIT

Question 1

Pointed and wide portion of the heart

Answer 1

APEX AND BASE

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

Hollow muscular organ that pumps blood

Question 3

Right atrioventricular valve

Answer 3

TRICUSPID VALVE

Question 4

Left atrioventricular valve

Answer 4

BICUSPID / MITRAL VALVE

Question 5

Chambers of heart

Answer 5

RA, RV, LA, LV

Question 6

Major vessels connected to cardiac chambers

Answer 6

Vena cava, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Vein, Aorta

Question 7

AV valves

Answer 7

TRICUSPID and BICUSPID

Question 8

Semilunar valves

Answer 8

PULMONARY and AORTIC

Question 9

Layers of heart

Answer 9

EPICARDIUM - Outer; MYOCARDIUM- Middle and Thickest; ENDOCARDIUM- Inner

Question 10

Fibroconnective tissue covering of the heart

Answer 10

PERICARDIUM

Question 11

Branches of aorta

Answer 11

THORACIC AND ABDOMINAL

Question 12

Types of blood vessels and descriptions

Answer 12

Artery and Arterioles: Transport oxygenated blood away from heart; Vein and Venules: Transport deoxygenated blood toward heart; Capillaries: Site for exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste

Question 13

Morphology of blood cells and descriptions

Answer 13

RBC / Erythrocytes: Biconcave disc that carry H2O; WBC/ Leukocytes: Soldiers of body, fight off infection; Platelet / Thrombocytes: For clotting mechanism, form platelet plug

Question 14

T cells and B cells

Answer 14

T CELLS: From thymus; B CELL: From Bone marrow and Memory Cells

Question 15

Antibodies and major classes

Answer 15

IgG: Long term Immunity; IgA: Mucosal Immunity; IgM: Initial Immune response; IgE: Allergy and parasite defense; IgD: B-cell Activation

Question 16

Mast cells

Answer 16

Multifunctional immune cells essential for host defense, tissue homeostasis, and inflammatory responses.

Question 17

Types of macrophages

Answer 17

MOBILE: From circulating monocyte; EPITHELIOID: Less phagocytic; RESIDENT macrophages

Question 18

Types of resident macrophages

Answer 18

Microglia (CNS); Kupffer Cells (LIVER); Alveolar Macrophages (LUNGS); Peritoneal Macrophages (ABDOMEN); Splenic Macrophages (SPLEEN); Bone Marrow; Skin

Question 19

Epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells

Answer 19

Epithelioid macrophages: Less phagocytic but can do fusion; Forms MGC under influence of Interleukin IV and Interferon N; Types: TOUTON, FOREIGN BODIES, LANGERHANS

Question 20

Platelets and megakaryocytes

Answer 20

PLATELETS are remnants of bone marrow MEGAKARYOCYTES

Question 21

Developmental stages of red blood cells

Answer 21

ERYTHROPOIESIS: 1. PROERYTHROBLAST; 2. BASOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST; 3. POLYCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST; 4. ORTHOCHROMATOPHILIC ERYTHROBLAST; 5. RETICULOCYTE

Question 22

Plasma vs serum

Answer 22

Plasma: Contains clotting factors; Serum: No clotting factor

Question 23

Regenerative anemia

Answer 23

Bone marrow responds when there is blood loss

Question 24

Clotting factors

Answer 24

F1: Fibrinogen; F2: Prothrombin; F3: Tissue Thromboplastin; F4: Calcium; F5: Proaccelerin; F7: Proconvertin; F8: Antihemophilic Factor; F9: Plasma Thromboplastin Component; F10: Stuart-Prower Factor; F11: Plasma Thromboplastin Antecedent; F12: Hageman Factor; F13: Fibrin-Stabilizing Factor

Question 25

Branches of iliac, carotid arteries, abdominal aorta etc

Answer 25

ILIAC: Common Iliac - External and Internal; CAROTID: Common Carotid Artery - External and Internal; ABDOMINAL AORTA: Phrenic, Coeliac, Cranial Mesenteric, Renal, Gonadal, Caudal Mesenteric Artery

Question 26

Auricles and coronary sinuses

Answer 26

Auricles: Ear-like appendages connected to the cardiac atria; Coronary Sinus: Tiny openings on the wall of right atrium

Question 27

Fibrous and serous pericardium

Answer 27

Fibrous: First Layer; Serous: Surrounds the fibrous Layer