ANAT LEC: FINALS CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards
1
Q
What is the hollow muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
A
Heart
2
Q
What are the channels through which blood flows and is distributed to different body parts?
A
Blood vessels
3
Q
What is the circulating fluid within the cardiovascular circuit?
A
Blood
4
Q
What is the outer layer of the heart?
A
Epicardium
5
Q
What is the thickest layer of the heart made up of cardiac muscles?
A
Myocardium
6
Q
What is the inner layer of the heart?
A
Endocardium
7
Q
What is the largest chamber of the heart that makes up the apex?
A
Left Ventricle
8
Q
What is the smallest chamber of the heart that makes up the base?
A
Right Atrium
9
Q
What is the valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
A
Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid Valve)
10
Q
What is the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
A
Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid/Mitral Valve)
11
Q
What type of valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
A
Pulmonic Valve
12
Q
What type of valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta?
A
Aortic Valve
13
Q
What is the largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood?
A
Aorta
14
Q
What vein attaches to the left atrium and carries oxygenated blood?
A
Pulmonary Vein
15
Q
What artery attaches to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood?
A
Pulmonary Artery
16
Q
What is the largest vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
A
Vena cava
17
Q
What structures support the left and right atrioventricular valves?
A
Chordae Tendineae
18
Q
What are the muscles where the chordae tendineae attach inside the ventricles?
A
Papillary Muscles
19
Q
What is the pointed portion of the heart directed caudally?
A
Apex
20
Q
What is the wide portion of the heart directed cranially?
A
Base
21
Q
What are the ear-like appendages attached to the atria?
A
Auricles
22
Q
What are the tiny openings on the wall of the right atrium for deoxygenated blood?
A
Coronary Sinus
23
Q
What are the veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?
A
Coronary Veins
24
Q
What is the condition where there is an impairment of valves causing blood accumulation?
A
Varicosity
25
What type of blood vessels transport blood away from the heart?
Arteries
26
What type of blood vessels transport blood towards the heart?
Veins
27
What are the microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules that are the principal site for exchange?
Capillaries
28
What is the outer layer of blood vessels made up of connective tissue?
Tunica Adventitia/Tunica Externa
29
What is the middle layer of blood vessels responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Tunica Media
30
What is the inner layer of blood vessels made up of endothelial cells?
Tunica Intima
31
Identification Question
Answer
32
What is the major vein in the neck of a dog?
Jugular Vein
33
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in dogs?
Carotid Artery
34
What is the primary artery in the forelimb of a dog?
Brachial Artery
35
What vein is commonly used for venipuncture in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
36
What vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver in dogs?
Portal Vein
37
What vein is located in the hind limb of dogs?
Saphenous Vein
38
What artery supplies blood to the thigh in dogs?
Femoral Artery
39
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
40
What vein returns blood from the upper body to the heart in dogs?
Cranial Vena Cava
41
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
42
What is the major vein in the neck of a cat?
Jugular Vein
43
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in cats?
Carotid Artery
44
What is the primary vein in the forelimb of a cat?
Cephalic Vein
45
What artery is used for blood pressure measurement in cats?
Brachial Artery
46
What vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver in cats?
Portal Vein
47
What vein is located in the hind limb of cats?
Saphenous Vein
48
What artery supplies blood to the thigh in cats?
Femoral Artery
49
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
50
What is the largest artery in the cat's body?
Aorta
51
What is the major vein in the neck of a horse?
Jugular Vein
52
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in horses?
Carotid Artery
53
What is the primary artery in the forelimb of a horse?
Subclavian Artery
54
What artery supplies blood to the pedal region in horses?
Pedis/Pedal Artery
55
What is the largest artery in a horse's body?
Aorta
56
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
57
What vein is located in the hind limb of horses?
Femoral Vein
58
What vein carries blood from the lungs to the heart in horses?
Pulmonary Vein
59
What artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs in horses?
Pulmonary Artery
60
What vein drains the neck and head region in horses?
Neck/Cervical Vein
61
What artery supplies blood to the neck region in horses?
Neck/Cervical Artery
62
What is the main systemic arterial trunk in animals?
Aorta
63
What is the major branch of the aorta that supplies the thorax?
Thoracic Aorta
64
What is the major branch of the aorta that supplies the abdomen?
Abdominal Aorta
65
What is the first part of the thoracic aorta?
Ascending Aorta
66
What part of the aorta gives rise to the coronary arteries?
Ascending Aorta
67
What is the branch of the aorta that supplies the arms and head?
Brachiocephalic Artery
68
What is the artery that supplies the stomach and liver?
Celiac Artery
69
What artery supplies blood to the kidneys?
Renal Artery
70
What artery supplies blood to the gonads?
Gonadal Artery
71
What artery supplies blood to the large intestine?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
72
What is the major vein that drains the abdomen in dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
73
What vein drains the intestines and spleen?
Portal Vein
74
What is the vein that drains the chest wall?
Azygous Vein
75
What type of blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport?
Erythrocytes
76
What type of blood cell fights infection?
Leukocytes
77
What component of blood is responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
78
What is the liquid part of blood called?
Plasma
79
What is the first response antibody in the immune system?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
80
What antibody is predominant in secondary immune responses?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
81
What type of leukocyte increases during allergic reactions?
Basophils
82
What type of leukocyte increases during parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
83
What is the condition called when there is a deficiency in clotting factors?
Hemophilia
84
Identification Question
Answer
85
What is the vein that drains blood from the forelimb in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
86
What major artery branches off the aorta to supply blood to the arms?
Brachiocephalic Artery
87
What is the large vein that returns blood from the pelvis and hind limbs in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
88
What artery is commonly used to assess pulse in the hind limb of dogs?
Femoral Artery
89
What major vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
90
What is the primary vein that collects blood from the brain in dogs?
Jugular Vein
91
What artery supplies blood to the brain in cats?
Carotid Artery
92
What is the large vein that drains blood from the abdomen in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
93
What vein is responsible for draining the kidney in dogs?
Renal Vein
94
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
95
What is the main artery that supplies blood to the hind limb in cats?
Femoral Artery
96
What is the name of the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic Artery
97
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm?
Phrenic Artery
98
What is the major vein that drains blood from the thoracic wall in horses?
Azygous Vein
99
What vein carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver in cats?
Portal Vein
100
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the pelvic organs?
Internal Iliac Artery
101
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
102
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
103
What is the major artery that supplies the forelimb in horses?
Subclavian Artery
104
What is the name of the artery that supplies the head and neck region in horses?
Common Carotid Artery
105
What is the name of the blood vessel that connects the liver to the intestines?
Portal Vein
106
What is the name of the artery that supplies the spleen?
Splenic Artery
107
What is the primary function of the caudal vena cava?
Return deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart
108
What is the artery that supplies the large intestine?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
109
What is the name of the vein that drains the thoracic cavity?
Azygous Vein
110
What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?
Leukocytes
111
What is the term for the liquid component of blood that contains nutrients and hormones?
Plasma
112
What is the primary function of thrombocytes in the blood?
Clotting
113
What type of white blood cell is involved in allergic reactions?
Basophils
114
What is the primary role of neutrophils in the body?
Fight bacterial infections
115
What is the term for the largest type of antibody found in the body?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
116
What is the primary antibody found in the bloodstream during a secondary immune response?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
117
What type of blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport?
Erythrocytes
118
What is the name of the condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells?
Anemia
119
What is the name of the major vessel that supplies blood to the stomach?
Gastric Artery
120
What is the primary blood vessel that supplies the kidneys?
Renal Artery
121
Identification Question
Answer
122
What is the primary vessel that drains blood from the forelimb in horses?
Cephalic Vein
123
What artery is responsible for supplying blood to the upper forelimb in dogs?
Brachial Artery
124
What is the main vein that returns blood from the head in cats?
Jugular Vein
125
What artery supplies blood to the hind limb in horses?
Femoral Artery
126
What is the largest vein in the body?
Caudal Vena Cava
127
What artery branches off the abdominal aorta to supply the spleen?
Splenic Artery
128
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
129
What is the major artery that supplies the stomach and intestines in dogs?
Celiac Artery
130
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the brain in horses?
Carotid Artery
131
What is the vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
132
What is the primary blood vessel that drains the kidneys?
Renal Vein
133
What is the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine in cats?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
134
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm in horses?
Phrenic Artery
135
What is the name of the artery that supplies the pelvic region in dogs?
Internal Iliac Artery
136
What is the major vein that drains the thoracic cavity in dogs?
Azygous Vein
137
What artery supplies blood to the large intestine in horses?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
138
What is the term for the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
139
What is the primary function of the pulmonary vein?
Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
140
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the forelimbs in cats?
Subclavian Artery
141
What is the artery that branches from the aorta to supply the testicles or ovaries?
Gonadal Artery
142
What is the primary vein that drains the abdomen in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
143
What type of blood cell is primarily responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
144
What is the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?
Transport oxygen
145
What is the name of the condition characterized by an excess of white blood cells?
Leukocytosis
146
What is the term for the largest antibody produced during an immune response?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
147
What type of leukocyte increases in response to bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
148
What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the liver?
Hepatic Artery
149
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Produce antibodies
150
What is the name of the vessel that connects the intestines to the liver?
Portal Vein
151
What type of blood cell is involved in the body's allergic response?
Basophils
152
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs?
Capillaries
153
What is the major vessel that supplies blood to the brain in dogs?
Carotid Artery
154
What is the primary function of the aorta?
Distribute oxygenated blood to the body
155
Identification Question
Answer
156
What is the major vein that drains blood from the forelimb in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
157
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in dogs?
Carotid Artery
158
What is the primary artery that supplies the forelimb in cats?
Brachial Artery
159
What vein is commonly used for venipuncture in cats?
Jugular Vein
160
What is the largest vein in the abdominal cavity of dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
161
What artery branches from the aorta to supply the liver and spleen?
Celiac Artery
162
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine in horses?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
163
What is the primary vessel that drains blood from the kidneys in cats?
Renal Vein
164
What artery supplies blood to the hind limb in dogs?
Femoral Artery
165
What is the name of the major vein that drains the head in horses?
Jugular Vein
166
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm in dogs?
Phrenic Artery
167
What is the main vessel that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
168
What artery supplies blood to the ovaries or testes?
Gonadal Artery
169
What is the primary function of the aorta in mammals?
Distribute oxygenated blood to the body
170
What is the name of the artery that supplies the pelvic organs in dogs?
Internal Iliac Artery
171
What is the major vein that drains the thoracic wall in cats?
Azygous Vein
172
What type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
Vein
173
What artery supplies blood to the brain in horses?
Carotid Artery
174
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
175
What is the name of the artery that supplies the large intestine in dogs?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
176
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
177
What is the major artery that supplies blood to the forelimb in horses?
Subclavian Artery
178
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the stomach?
Gastric Artery
179
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
Transport oxygen
180
What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?
Leukocytes
181
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs?
Capillaries
182
What is the name of the condition characterized by a deficiency of platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
183
What type of blood cell increases during allergic reactions?
Basophils
184
What is the name of the blood vessel that connects the intestines to the liver?
Portal Vein
185
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Produce antibodies
186
What is the term for the largest type of antibody produced during an immune response?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
187
What type of leukocyte is known for fighting bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
188
What is the major vessel that supplies blood to the brain in dogs?
Carotid Artery
189
What is the primary role of thrombocytes in the blood?
Clotting
190
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the hind limb in horses?
Femoral Artery
191
What is the main artery that supplies blood to the kidneys?
Renal Artery
192
What is the name of the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary Artery
193
What is the primary function of the common carotid artery?
Supply blood to the head and neck
194
What is the major vein that drains the intestines and spleen?
Portal Vein
195
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the forelimb in dogs?
Brachial Artery
196
What is the primary function of the azygous vein?
Drain blood from the thoracic wall
197
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic Artery
198
What is the primary role of plasma in the blood?
Transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products
199
What is the term for an increase in red blood cells?
Polycythemia
200
What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the spleen?
Splenic Artery
201
What is the primary function of the renal artery?
Supply blood to the kidneys
