ANAT LEC: FINALS CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards
What is the hollow muscular organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body?
Heart
What are the channels through which blood flows and is distributed to different body parts?
Blood vessels
What is the circulating fluid within the cardiovascular circuit?
Blood
What is the outer layer of the heart?
Epicardium
What is the thickest layer of the heart made up of cardiac muscles?
Myocardium
What is the inner layer of the heart?
Endocardium
What is the largest chamber of the heart that makes up the apex?
Left Ventricle
What is the smallest chamber of the heart that makes up the base?
Right Atrium
What is the valve located between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid Valve)
What is the valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid/Mitral Valve)
What type of valve is located between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery?
Pulmonic Valve
What type of valve is located between the left ventricle and aorta?
Aortic Valve
What is the largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood?
Aorta
What vein attaches to the left atrium and carries oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary Vein
What artery attaches to the right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood?
Pulmonary Artery
What is the largest vein that carries deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
Vena cava
What structures support the left and right atrioventricular valves?
Chordae Tendineae
What are the muscles where the chordae tendineae attach inside the ventricles?
Papillary Muscles
What is the pointed portion of the heart directed caudally?
Apex
What is the wide portion of the heart directed cranially?
Base
What are the ear-like appendages attached to the atria?
Auricles
What are the tiny openings on the wall of the right atrium for deoxygenated blood?
Coronary Sinus
What are the veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the myocardium?
Coronary Veins
What is the condition where there is an impairment of valves causing blood accumulation?
Varicosity
What type of blood vessels transport blood away from the heart?
Arteries
What type of blood vessels transport blood towards the heart?
Veins
What are the microscopic vessels between arterioles and venules that are the principal site for exchange?
Capillaries
What is the outer layer of blood vessels made up of connective tissue?
Tunica Adventitia/Tunica Externa
What is the middle layer of blood vessels responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?
Tunica Media
What is the inner layer of blood vessels made up of endothelial cells?
Tunica Intima
Identification Question
Answer
What is the major vein in the neck of a dog?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in dogs?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary artery in the forelimb of a dog?
Brachial Artery
What vein is commonly used for venipuncture in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
What vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver in dogs?
Portal Vein
What vein is located in the hind limb of dogs?
Saphenous Vein
What artery supplies blood to the thigh in dogs?
Femoral Artery
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
What vein returns blood from the upper body to the heart in dogs?
Cranial Vena Cava
What is the largest artery in the body?
Aorta
What is the major vein in the neck of a cat?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in cats?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary vein in the forelimb of a cat?
Cephalic Vein
What artery is used for blood pressure measurement in cats?
Brachial Artery
What vein carries blood from the intestines to the liver in cats?
Portal Vein
What vein is located in the hind limb of cats?
Saphenous Vein
What artery supplies blood to the thigh in cats?
Femoral Artery
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
What is the largest artery in the cat’s body?
Aorta
What is the major vein in the neck of a horse?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in horses?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary artery in the forelimb of a horse?
Subclavian Artery
What artery supplies blood to the pedal region in horses?
Pedis/Pedal Artery
What is the largest artery in a horse’s body?
Aorta
What is the large vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
What vein is located in the hind limb of horses?
Femoral Vein
What vein carries blood from the lungs to the heart in horses?
Pulmonary Vein
What artery carries blood from the heart to the lungs in horses?
Pulmonary Artery
What vein drains the neck and head region in horses?
Neck/Cervical Vein
What artery supplies blood to the neck region in horses?
Neck/Cervical Artery
What is the main systemic arterial trunk in animals?
Aorta
What is the major branch of the aorta that supplies the thorax?
Thoracic Aorta
What is the major branch of the aorta that supplies the abdomen?
Abdominal Aorta
What is the first part of the thoracic aorta?
Ascending Aorta
What part of the aorta gives rise to the coronary arteries?
Ascending Aorta
What is the branch of the aorta that supplies the arms and head?
Brachiocephalic Artery
What is the artery that supplies the stomach and liver?
Celiac Artery
What artery supplies blood to the kidneys?
Renal Artery
What artery supplies blood to the gonads?
Gonadal Artery
What artery supplies blood to the large intestine?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
What is the major vein that drains the abdomen in dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
What vein drains the intestines and spleen?
Portal Vein
What is the vein that drains the chest wall?
Azygous Vein
What type of blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport?
Erythrocytes
What type of blood cell fights infection?
Leukocytes
What component of blood is responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
What is the liquid part of blood called?
Plasma
What is the first response antibody in the immune system?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
What antibody is predominant in secondary immune responses?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
What type of leukocyte increases during allergic reactions?
Basophils
What type of leukocyte increases during parasitic infections?
Eosinophils
What is the condition called when there is a deficiency in clotting factors?
Hemophilia
Identification Question
Answer
What is the vein that drains blood from the forelimb in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
What major artery branches off the aorta to supply blood to the arms?
Brachiocephalic Artery
What is the large vein that returns blood from the pelvis and hind limbs in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
What artery is commonly used to assess pulse in the hind limb of dogs?
Femoral Artery
What major vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body?
Aorta
What is the primary vein that collects blood from the brain in dogs?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the brain in cats?
Carotid Artery
What is the large vein that drains blood from the abdomen in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
What vein is responsible for draining the kidney in dogs?
Renal Vein
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
What is the main artery that supplies blood to the hind limb in cats?
Femoral Artery
What is the name of the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic Artery
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm?
Phrenic Artery
What is the major vein that drains blood from the thoracic wall in horses?
Azygous Vein
What vein carries blood from the stomach and intestines to the liver in cats?
Portal Vein
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the pelvic organs?
Internal Iliac Artery
What type of blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the major artery that supplies the forelimb in horses?
Subclavian Artery
What is the name of the artery that supplies the head and neck region in horses?
Common Carotid Artery
What is the name of the blood vessel that connects the liver to the intestines?
Portal Vein
What is the name of the artery that supplies the spleen?
Splenic Artery
What is the primary function of the caudal vena cava?
Return deoxygenated blood from the lower body to the heart
What is the artery that supplies the large intestine?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
What is the name of the vein that drains the thoracic cavity?
Azygous Vein
What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?
Leukocytes
What is the term for the liquid component of blood that contains nutrients and hormones?
Plasma
What is the primary function of thrombocytes in the blood?
Clotting
What type of white blood cell is involved in allergic reactions?
Basophils
What is the primary role of neutrophils in the body?
Fight bacterial infections
What is the term for the largest type of antibody found in the body?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
What is the primary antibody found in the bloodstream during a secondary immune response?
Immunoglobulin G (IgG)
What type of blood cell is responsible for oxygen transport?
Erythrocytes
What is the name of the condition characterized by a deficiency of red blood cells?
Anemia
What is the name of the major vessel that supplies blood to the stomach?
Gastric Artery
What is the primary blood vessel that supplies the kidneys?
Renal Artery
Identification Question
Answer
What is the primary vessel that drains blood from the forelimb in horses?
Cephalic Vein
What artery is responsible for supplying blood to the upper forelimb in dogs?
Brachial Artery
What is the main vein that returns blood from the head in cats?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the hind limb in horses?
Femoral Artery
What is the largest vein in the body?
Caudal Vena Cava
What artery branches off the abdominal aorta to supply the spleen?
Splenic Artery
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
What is the major artery that supplies the stomach and intestines in dogs?
Celiac Artery
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the brain in horses?
Carotid Artery
What is the vein that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
What is the primary blood vessel that drains the kidneys?
Renal Vein
What is the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine in cats?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm in horses?
Phrenic Artery
What is the name of the artery that supplies the pelvic region in dogs?
Internal Iliac Artery
What is the major vein that drains the thoracic cavity in dogs?
Azygous Vein
What artery supplies blood to the large intestine in horses?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
What is the term for the blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart?
Artery
What is the primary function of the pulmonary vein?
Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the forelimbs in cats?
Subclavian Artery
What is the artery that branches from the aorta to supply the testicles or ovaries?
Gonadal Artery
What is the primary vein that drains the abdomen in horses?
Posterior Vena Cava
What type of blood cell is primarily responsible for clotting?
Thrombocytes
What is the main function of erythrocytes in the blood?
Transport oxygen
What is the name of the condition characterized by an excess of white blood cells?
Leukocytosis
What is the term for the largest antibody produced during an immune response?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
What type of leukocyte increases in response to bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the liver?
Hepatic Artery
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Produce antibodies
What is the name of the vessel that connects the intestines to the liver?
Portal Vein
What type of blood cell is involved in the body’s allergic response?
Basophils
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels where gas exchange occurs?
Capillaries
What is the major vessel that supplies blood to the brain in dogs?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary function of the aorta?
Distribute oxygenated blood to the body
Identification Question
Answer
What is the major vein that drains blood from the forelimb in dogs?
Cephalic Vein
What artery supplies blood to the head and neck in dogs?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary artery that supplies the forelimb in cats?
Brachial Artery
What vein is commonly used for venipuncture in cats?
Jugular Vein
What is the largest vein in the abdominal cavity of dogs?
Caudal Vena Cava
What artery branches from the aorta to supply the liver and spleen?
Celiac Artery
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the small intestine in horses?
Cranial Mesenteric Artery
What is the primary vessel that drains blood from the kidneys in cats?
Renal Vein
What artery supplies blood to the hind limb in dogs?
Femoral Artery
What is the name of the major vein that drains the head in horses?
Jugular Vein
What artery supplies blood to the diaphragm in dogs?
Phrenic Artery
What is the main vessel that returns blood from the lower body to the heart in cats?
Caudal Vena Cava
What artery supplies blood to the ovaries or testes?
Gonadal Artery
What is the primary function of the aorta in mammals?
Distribute oxygenated blood to the body
What is the name of the artery that supplies the pelvic organs in dogs?
Internal Iliac Artery
What is the major vein that drains the thoracic wall in cats?
Azygous Vein
What type of blood vessel carries blood towards the heart?
Vein
What artery supplies blood to the brain in horses?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?
Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the name of the artery that supplies the large intestine in dogs?
Caudal Mesenteric Artery
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
Pulmonary Vein
What is the major artery that supplies blood to the forelimb in horses?
Subclavian Artery
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the stomach?
Gastric Artery
What is the primary function of erythrocytes?
Transport oxygen
What type of blood cell is primarily involved in the immune response?
Leukocytes
What is the term for the smallest blood vessels where nutrient and gas exchange occurs?
Capillaries
What is the name of the condition characterized by a deficiency of platelets?
Thrombocytopenia
What type of blood cell increases during allergic reactions?
Basophils
What is the name of the blood vessel that connects the intestines to the liver?
Portal Vein
What is the primary role of lymphocytes in the immune system?
Produce antibodies
What is the term for the largest type of antibody produced during an immune response?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM)
What type of leukocyte is known for fighting bacterial infections?
Neutrophils
What is the major vessel that supplies blood to the brain in dogs?
Carotid Artery
What is the primary role of thrombocytes in the blood?
Clotting
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the hind limb in horses?
Femoral Artery
What is the main artery that supplies blood to the kidneys?
Renal Artery
What is the name of the vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary Artery
What is the primary function of the common carotid artery?
Supply blood to the head and neck
What is the major vein that drains the intestines and spleen?
Portal Vein
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the forelimb in dogs?
Brachial Artery
What is the primary function of the azygous vein?
Drain blood from the thoracic wall
What is the name of the artery that supplies blood to the liver?
Hepatic Artery
What is the primary role of plasma in the blood?
Transport nutrients, hormones, and waste products
What is the term for an increase in red blood cells?
Polycythemia
What is the name of the blood vessel that supplies the spleen?
Splenic Artery
What is the primary function of the renal artery?
Supply blood to the kidneys
