Henry VIII: key people Flashcards
Prince Arthur
- Henry VIII’s brother
- expected to claim the throne
- died in April 1502
- expected to marry Catherine of Aragon
Catherine of Aragon
- Henry VIII’s first wife
- arranged marriage in 1502 after death of Arthur
- had two children who died shortly after birth and only one daughter (Mary I)
- she made him happy mostly
- he relied on her political expertise in a number of situations; ruled as governor for him when he went away to fight campaigns in France
- but divorced in 1533 because she could give legitimate heir to throne
Thomas Wolsey
- Powerful churchman who held various offices of Church and State
- He was Henry VIII’s Chief Minister for 15 years
- his power was controversial due to his unprivileged background
Charles V
Holy Roman emperor 1519 to 1556
Nephew of Catherine of Aragon
Francis I
King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547
Thomas Cromwell
Trained lawyer who served Cardinal Wolsey as his chief adviser and then Henry VIII as his Chief Minister
Campeggio
Italian cardinal and papal legate sent to preside over Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Second wife of Henry VIII, faction leader and one of the main causes of the break with Rome
Pope Clement VIII
Pope who refused to grant Henry VIII’s annulment of his marriage
Thomas Cranmer
- Cleric and scholar who became Archbishop of Canterbury
- He led the Reformation in England
- He was executed for his Protestant faith by Mary I
Edmund Dudley
Minister reponsible for tax collection in Henry VII’s government, executed by Henry VIII
Richard Empson
Minister responsible for the Council Learned in the Law in Henry VII’s government, executed by Henry VIII
John Fisher
English bishop and humanist scholar who opposed Henry VIII’s annulment, his marriage with Anne Bolyen and the break from Rome, executed in 1535
Richard Fox
English bishop who served as minister during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. His area of expertise was foreign affairs
Stephen Gardiner
English bishop who led the conservative faction at court during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was imprisoned by Edward VI, but released by Mary I whom he served as a government minister
Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk
- Powerful nobleman who served on Henry VIII’s council and led the conservative faction at court
- Retired from politics during Edward VI’s reign, but served on Mary’s council
Martin Luther
German monk and theologian who began the Reformation in Europe. He established the Lutheran Church and became an enemy of the Pope and Catholic Church
Thomas More
- Lawyer and humanist scholar who became Henry VIII’s Lord Chancellor in 1530
- He resigned in 1532 and refused to accept Henry as head of the Church, for which he was executed
Desiderius Erasmus
Churchman from the Netherlands and one of the most famous humanist scholars of his generation
Duke of Buckingham
Nobleman who Wolsey felt threatened by because of his status and links to the Boleyn faction, charged with treason and executed in 1521
Louis XII
King of France until death in 1515
Maxilian I
Holy Roman Emperor until 1519
Richard Hunne
London lawyer arrested by the bishop of London and probably murdered in prison in 1514 for speaking out about corruption in Catholic Church
Pope Leo X
Names Henry VIII Defender of the Faith
Elizabeth Barton
‘Holy Maid of Kent’ who warned against the annulment and marriage to Anne, gained attention and was executed
Carthusian monks
18 monks from the Carthusian order were put to death for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church
Jane Seymour
- third wife to Henry
- Catholic, but Edward VI raised as a Protestant
- died in childbirth
Catherine Howard
- fifth wife of Henry
- Catholic
- cousin of Anne Boleyn
- daughter of Duke of Norfolk
- executed for adultery
Ann of Cleves
- fourth wife to Henry
- Sister of Protestant Duke of Cleves
- only married to Henry for six months in 1540 and referred to as the King’s Beloved Sister after annulment
- too ugly lol
Catherine Parr
- Henry’s sixth and final wife
- Protestant
- outlives Henry VIII and dies in 1548
- went on to marry Thomas Seymour (Jane Seymour’s brother)
William Tyndale
- Leading English scholar who became key figure in Protestant reform in the years leading up to his execution in 1536
- He is well known for his translation of the Bible into English
Robert Aske
leader of pilgrimage of grace
John Lambert
English Protestant martyr burnt to death in 1538 for denying transubstantiation
Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset
Duke of Somerset
Eldest surviving brother of Queen Jane Seymour and Lord Protector of England from 1547 to 1549 during the minority of his nephew King Edward VI (1547-1553)
