Henry VIII: key people

Question 1

Prince Arthur

Answer 1

• Henry VIII’s brother
• expected to claim the throne
• died in April 1502
• expected to marry Catherine of Aragon

Question 2

Catherine of Aragon

Answer 2

• Henry VIII’s first wife
• arranged marriage in 1502 after death of Arthur
• had two children who died shortly after birth and only one daughter (Mary I)
• she made him happy mostly
• he relied on her political expertise in a number of situations; ruled as governor for him when he went away to fight campaigns in France
• but divorced in 1533 because she could give legitimate heir to throne

Question 3

Thomas Wolsey

Answer 3

• Powerful churchman who held various offices of Church and State
• He was Henry VIII’s Chief Minister for 15 years
• his power was controversial due to his unprivileged background

Question 4

Charles V

Answer 4

Holy Roman emperor 1519 to 1556

Nephew of Catherine of Aragon

Question 5

Francis I

Answer 5

King of France from 1515 until his death in 1547

Question 6

Thomas Cromwell

Answer 6

Trained lawyer who served Cardinal Wolsey as his chief adviser and then Henry VIII as his Chief Minister

Question 7

Campeggio

Answer 7

Italian cardinal and papal legate sent to preside over Henry VIII’s divorce from Catherine of Aragon

Question 8

Anne Boleyn

Answer 8

Second wife of Henry VIII, faction leader and one of the main causes of the break with Rome

Question 9

Pope Clement VIII

Answer 9

Pope who refused to grant Henry VIII’s annulment of his marriage

Question 10

Thomas Cranmer

Answer 10

• Cleric and scholar who became Archbishop of Canterbury
• He led the Reformation in England
• He was executed for his Protestant faith by Mary I

Question 11

Edmund Dudley

Answer 11

Minister reponsible for tax collection in Henry VII’s government, executed by Henry VIII

Question 12

Richard Empson

Answer 12

Minister responsible for the Council Learned in the Law in Henry VII’s government, executed by Henry VIII

Question 13

John Fisher

Answer 13

English bishop and humanist scholar who opposed Henry VIII’s annulment, his marriage with Anne Bolyen and the break from Rome, executed in 1535

Question 14

Richard Fox

Answer 14

English bishop who served as minister during the reigns of Henry VII and Henry VIII. His area of expertise was foreign affairs

Question 15

Stephen Gardiner

Answer 15

English bishop who led the conservative faction at court during the reigns of Henry VIII and Edward VI. He was imprisoned by Edward VI, but released by Mary I whom he served as a government minister

Question 16

Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk

Answer 16

• Powerful nobleman who served on Henry VIII’s council and led the conservative faction at court
• Retired from politics during Edward VI’s reign, but served on Mary’s council

Question 17

Martin Luther

Answer 17

German monk and theologian who began the Reformation in Europe. He established the Lutheran Church and became an enemy of the Pope and Catholic Church

Question 18

Thomas More

Answer 18

• Lawyer and humanist scholar who became Henry VIII’s Lord Chancellor in 1530
• He resigned in 1532 and refused to accept Henry as head of the Church, for which he was executed

Question 19

Desiderius Erasmus

Answer 19

Churchman from the Netherlands and one of the most famous humanist scholars of his generation

Question 20

Duke of Buckingham

Answer 20

Nobleman who Wolsey felt threatened by because of his status and links to the Boleyn faction, charged with treason and executed in 1521

Question 21

Louis XII

Answer 21

King of France until death in 1515

Question 22

Maxilian I

Answer 22

Holy Roman Emperor until 1519

Question 23

Richard Hunne

Answer 23

London lawyer arrested by the bishop of London and probably murdered in prison in 1514 for speaking out about corruption in Catholic Church

Question 24

Pope Leo X

Answer 24

Names Henry VIII Defender of the Faith

Question 25

Elizabeth Barton

Answer 25

'Holy Maid of Kent' who warned against the annulment and marriage to Anne, gained attention and was executed

Question 26

Carthusian monks

Answer 26

18 monks from the Carthusian order were put to death for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as the Supreme Head of the Church

Question 27

Jane Seymour

Answer 27

- third wife to Henry - Catholic, but Edward VI raised as a Protestant - died in childbirth

Question 28

Catherine Howard

Answer 28

- fifth wife of Henry - Catholic - cousin of Anne Boleyn - daughter of Duke of Norfolk - executed for adultery

Question 29

Ann of Cleves

Answer 29

- fourth wife to Henry - Sister of Protestant Duke of Cleves - only married to Henry for six months in 1540 and referred to as the King's Beloved Sister after annulment - too ugly lol

Question 30

Catherine Parr

Answer 30

- Henry's sixth and final wife - Protestant - outlives Henry VIII and dies in 1548 - went on to marry Thomas Seymour (Jane Seymour's brother)

Question 31

William Tyndale

Answer 31

- Leading English scholar who became key figure in Protestant reform in the years leading up to his execution in 1536 - He is well known for his translation of the Bible into English

Question 32

Robert Aske

Answer 32

leader of pilgrimage of grace

Question 33

John Lambert

Answer 33

English Protestant martyr burnt to death in 1538 for denying transubstantiation

Question 34

Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset

Answer 34

Duke of Somerset Eldest surviving brother of Queen Jane Seymour and Lord Protector of England from 1547 to 1549 during the minority of his nephew King Edward VI (1547-1553)