Henry VIII: Cromwell

Question 1

Cromwell Personality

Answer 1

• Seen as ruthless
• Prepared to do the kings dirty work such as organizing
• Capable of great loyalty to his friends
• Able to be witty and was charming and persuasive when he needed to be

Question 2

Reasons for Cromwell’s rise to power

Answer 2

Loyalty

Cromwell remained loyal to Wolsey defending him in Parliament

This loyalty impressed Henry who was prepared to promote Cromwell

Wit and charm

Allowed him to gain supporters in the court

Efficiency

Henry involved himself more in day to day government so Cromwell was able to carry his instructions quickly

Question 3

When did he become a member of the privy council

Answer 3

1531

Question 4

How did he become inflicted by Protestant

Answer 4

Traveled and lived in Europe

Shaped his thinking on the annulment of the church and the monasteries

Question 5

How did Cromwell feel on Henry’s marriage to Ann of Cleves

Answer 5

He encouraged Henry

Question 6

When was the marriage to Ann of Cleves?

Answer 6

6th January 1540

Question 7

The failure of the marriage to AOC and the downfall of Cromwell

Answer 7

summer of 1540 there was a threat of invasion from France
He becomes attracted to Catherine Howard

Marriage was annulled on the grounds of non-consummation after just four months

Henry blamed Cromwell for the failure of the marriage

This made Cromwell vulnerable to rivals at court such as the duke of Norfolk who wanted Cromwell removed

Question 8

Parliament at the start of Henry’s reign (before Cromwell)

Answer 8

• had two chambers: house of lords and house of commons
• role was limiting to approving taxation
• didn’t meet often

Question 9

Development of the role of Parliament by Cromwell

Answer 9

• Used Parliament more regularly
• Henry and Cromwell used Parliament to gain support from people who were significant
• This strengthened the king’s authority suggesting the people approved of his ideas turning them into laws

Question 10

The significance of the increased use of Parliament

Answer 10

• Parliament not the center of gov
• laws passed with approval of both houses
• parliament could not be ignored and had to be consulted on all major laws the king wanted to pass

Question 11

What were Cromwell’s four reforms?

Answer 11

• reform of the royal council
• reform of the council of the north
• financial reforms
• reform of Wales

Question 12

Reform of the royal court

Answer 12

• Had too many members
• So Cromwell replaces it with a privy council made of 20 advisors
• privy council composed of lawyers and professionals rather than noblemen

Question 13

Reform of council of the north

Answer 13

• Had existed since 1472 and aimed to improve how the north was governed
• Cromwell made it into a permanent institution making it responsible for law and order in the north
• Rebellion was prevented by the council

Question 14

What was the Kings chamber initially used for

Answer 14

• To record income and expenditure of the king and his government
• With an increase of income from dissolving the monasteries chamber couldn’t cope so he created six departments

Question 15

What were the six departments in the chamber reformation

Answer 15

Four dealt with kings income

Two dealt with increased work created by the dissolution

Question 16

Reform of wales

Answer 16

English declared the official language of wales

Wales represented by 26 MP’s

Question 17

What was the purpose of the reforms of Wales

Answer 17

To tackle disorder in wales

And secure the support of the Welsh gentry by giving them the same powers and their English equivalents

Question 18

The importance of the reforms

Answer 18

Power centralized in London

Government better organized

Expenditure monitored by government not the king

Question 19

Reasons for Anne Boleyn’s fall

Answer 19

Early 1536 Henry became in love with Jane Seymour and saw her like a queen, not a mistress

She failed to have a male heir and she was flirty which became embarrassing for him

She had strong opinions about foreign policy and religion

Question 20

Cromwell’s role in Anne Boleyn’s fall

Answer 20

Anne and Cromwell difference in opinion of foreign policy and how incomes gained from the dissolution of monasteries should be spent

Cromwell built the case against Anne
Using spies to unearth her of adultery

Question 21

Cromwell’s role in Anne Boleyn’s fall

Answer 21

Anne and Cromwell difference in opinion of foreign policy and how incomes gained from the dissolution of monasteries should be spent

Cromwell built the case against Anne
Using spies to unearth her of adultery

Question 22

When did Cromwell become King’s chief minister?

Answer 22

1534

Question 23

Ways Cromwell managed the annulment

Answer 23

Cromwell realised pope wasn’t going to accept the annulment

He changed tactic and argued that the power to grant the annulment should be taken from the pope and given to the king

Henry and Anne secretly married by Archbishop Cranmer in January 1533
Anne already pregnant

Parliament passed the act of restraint of appeals

Henry was now head of the church and only he could annul the marriage to Catherine

Question 24

What did the court announce for the annulment to be made official

Answer 24

Henry and Catherine never legally married

Henry’s secret marriage to Anne is valid as he had been a bachelor at the time

Anne was crowned Henry’s queen

Question 25

Cromwell’s roles and responsibilities after 1533

Answer 25

Influential role in law

Charge if finances
Became chancellor of the exchequer in 1533

Charge of the church
Became vicar general

Question 26

When was Cromwell executed?

Answer 26

28th July 1540

Question 27

The fall of Cromwell

Answer 27

Cromwell arrested at pricy council accused of treason

Cromwell taken to Tower of London and parliament passed act of attainder condemning him death without trial

Cromwell then executed and on the same day Henry married Catherine Howard

Question 28

Who was the duke of Norfolk

Answer 28

Thomas Howard

He was a fierce rival to Cromwell and had ambitions of his own to become kings chief minister

Being catholic he was hostile to Protestant ideas

Question 29

Why did the duke of Norfolk hate Cromwell

Answer 29

He supported Protestant ideas

Jealous of Cromwell’s rise

Claimed that the delay was because Cromwell wanted to introduce Protestantism to England against the king’s wishes

Question 30

foreign reasons for Cromwell’s fall

Answer 30

Hated by French Catholics so removing him from power would improve relations with France

Cromwell has many enemies within the court and church

Question 31

Henry’s decision to execute Cromwell

Answer 31

He was under lots of pressure from the court

Under pressure from the duke of Norfolk

Ill health made Henry short-tempered

Under pressure from the church