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Tudors > Elizabeth I: religious settlement > Flashcards

Elizabeth I: religious settlement Flashcards

1
Q

what was Elizabeth’s vision for the church?

A
  • wanted protestant doctrine, whilst maintaining traditional catholic structure and rituals
  • aimed to create a church that appeased both the moderate protestants and catholics
  • she accepted that she would never lease radical factions of the protestants and catholics
  • wanted middle way to avoid the religious upheaval of her predecessor
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2
Q

Elizabeths personal religious preferences

A
  • educated by humanists and raised protestant
  • bread and wine not concentrated on during coronation ceremony
  • walked out of mass 1559
  • privy council dominated by protestants

But…

  • kept crucifixes and candles in her private chapel
  • disliked sermons and theological debates
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3
Q

Spain and religion

A
  • catholic

- protestant England was accepted as a deterrent against a French/Scottish alliance

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4
Q

France and religion

A
  • catholic

- would oppose a protestant England

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5
Q

Scotland and religion

A
  • many protestant supporters in Scotland

- catholic Mary of Guise and Mary Stuart may also fear an attempt to take over

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6
Q

Netherlands and religion

A
  • controlled by Catholic Spain
  • trading posts in Antwerp were vital for England
  • Elizabeth couldn’t become too harsh on catholics
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7
Q

First three government bills presented to parliament on the religious settlement

A

Bill of supremacy
Bills of uniformity (2)
caused opposition

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8
Q

Bill of Supremacy

A

aimed to end connection with Rome re-established by Mary and make the monarch supreme

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9
Q

Bills of supremacy

A

two other bills aimed to establish uniformed patterns of worship

passed by the House of Commons but rejected by the House of Lords

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10
Q

Peace of Chateau-Cambresis

A

April 1559

signed to remove French threat with new settlement

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11
Q

Act of supremacy

A

1559

  • Elizabeth declared herself Supreme Governor of the Church of England
  • Instituted an Oath of Supremacy
  • Anyone refusing to take the Oath could be charged with treason
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12
Q

Act of uniformity 1559

A

was an Act of the Parliament of England, passed in 1559 to regularise prayer, divine worship and the administration of the English church

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13
Q

Royal Injunctions Act

A
  • 1559
  • gave clergy a set of instructions including to ban ‘fake’ miracles and to ban and report recusants
  • also sent 125 commissioners to tour the country to check the rules were being followed
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14
Q

Vestiarian and crucifix controversies

A
  • dealt with the question of whether clerical vestments and crucifixes were theologically important
  • though certain Protestant reformers determinedly destroyed what they regarded as idols, some spared the cross, as a single, acceptable holy image
  • In the end, Elizabeth backed down to the Puritans
    and removed the crucifix from her church
  • didn’t want a civil war over religion!!
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15
Q

What did Elizabeth declare herself in the act of supremacy 1559

A
  • the Supreme Governor of the Church of England
  • Governor implied she would not be so dictatorial and would be more tolerant
  • meant that catholics could technically view the pope as head of church while still ginger Elizabeth some respect with a title
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16
Q

Bishops reaction to the oath

A

only one agreed to take the oath, all the others stepped down and Elizabeth appointed 27 new bishops

17
Q

what the settlement effective? YES

A
  • she did well to avoid taking an extreme option to appease the majority
  • Elizabeth does well to keep foreign kings happy
  • did well to find some stability after inheriting such a contentious issue
  • calling herself supreme governor appeased catholics and men
  • both of obedience: clever in removing bishops by them refusing stop swear on oath to then appoint new bishops
  • book of prayer: mix of moderate 1549 and radical 1552 book = appeased to most because is was ambiguous
  • Elizabeth removed disparaging words about the pope from the prayer book = appeased to catholics
  • maintaining some form of episcopal hierarchy, appeasing catholics
  • true to her personal beliefs
18
Q

what the settlement effective? NO

A

punishment for recusants :

  • many would argue she needed these to enforce her religion, but many were unhappy east arranging protestant services
  • punishment was 12 pence (1 day salary) per month
  • many JPs didn’t enforce it
  • some felt the settlement was too ambiguous
  • puritans (extreme protestants) felt Elizabeth was a ‘sell out’ and didn’t go far enough
  • ultimately she couldn’t please everyone!!
19
Q

specific features of the act of uniformity 1559

A
  • altar replaced by a wooden table but the crucifix and candles kept
  • catholic vestments (robes) also allowed to be kept

attendance to protestant services was compulsory with fines of 1 shilling/12 pence (1 day salary)

  • prayer book: mix of doctrinal laws between 1549 and 1552 prayer books (moderate + radical) = so the interpretation of the Eucharist was kept ambiguous
  • also omitted the “Black Rubric”, an extract that stated kneeling for communion didn’t demonstrate accepting of the presence of the Holy Spirit
20
Q

overall impact of the settlement:

A
  • despite Elizabeth’s best attempts to appease catholics, they were far from happy
  • most people outside London still catholic
  • Elizabeth felt that a gradual and gentle switch to protestantism would eventually win over the catholic masses: in reality, Elizabeth needed to appease catholic gentry to enforce government policy in the regions
21
Q

Papists

A
  • a Roman Catholic
  • loyal to Elizabeth
  • prepared to accept her as governor of the church
  • also conservatives who disliked radical changes to traditional patterns of worship
  • believed mass and sacraments were necessary for personal salvation
  • majority of English people (in London especially) were church papists
  • may have celebrated mass at home but Elizabeth wasn’t going to persecute
22
Q

Recusants

A
  • Those who refused to attend Church of England services
  • Believed in doctrine of the roman catholic church especially latin mass
  • Not prepared to compromise
  • One third of peerage and gentry were recusants
  • 1582: 1929 known recusants
  • Withdrew from the life of the official church
23
Q

Seminary priests

A
  • English catholics trained for priesthood at college of Douai, Flanders
  • wanted to re-establish catholicism
  • 438 seminary priests returned to England
  • 96 put to death 1574
24
Q

Jesuits

A
  • The Society of Jesus
  • a catholic missionary order
  • Founded in 1534
  • special oath of allegiance to the pope
  • far fewer jesuit priests over seminary priests
  • Began to arrive 1580 onwards

Tudors (34 decks)

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