Henry VII: key terms Flashcards
Enclosure
The fencing off of land from open fields with the ending of all common rights over it
Merchant Adventurers
Powerful company based in London which exported cloth and imported foreign goods in return
Custom duties
Money paid on goods entering or leaving the country. Money came from tunnage (taxes on exports) and poundage (taxes on imports)
‘The Great Chain of Being’
Hierarchical society ordered by God
Divine Right of Kings
The belief that monarchs were ruling on behalf of God - therefore, if a monarch’s subject disobeyed the monarch, they were disobeying God
Secular
The opposite of sacred i.e. non spiritual things
Laity/laymen
A general term referring to people who had not been trained and accepted as priests
Indulgences
a payment made to the church to ensure that you go to heaven and not be stuck in purgatory or hell
Humanism
movement that focused on human potential and achievements (humanists believed in the Catholic faith - their work affected not only religion but also politics and economics)
Dynasty
A line of hereditary rulers of the same country
Royal progress
Tour of the kingdom
Cardinal
Senior official of Catholic Church, having the right to vote in the election of a Pope
Act of Attainder
- led to a family losing the right to possess its land as well as the right to inherit its land
- would ruin a family
- ood behaviour could then lead to a reversal of the attainder
Patronage
- the giving of positions of power; titles and land etc
- first rewarded were supporters in BOB
- Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford
- Thomas Stanley Earl of Derby
Retaining
The practice by which a nobleman kept a large number of men as his personal staff as gangs of enforcers
Council Learned in the Law
Offshoot from the main Royal Council which assumed control of all financial matters relating to Crown Lands
JPs
Justices of the Peace
Responsible for keeping public order
Star Chamber
Responsible for prosecuting anyone who behaved in a rebellious or lawless manner
Feudal dues
Tradition rights held by the Crown to demand money, deriving from the principle that the Kings was the sole owner of all the kingdom’s land and that others held it as tenants
Relief
Paid by an heir when he received his inheritance
Relief
Paid by an heir when he received his inheritance
Wardship
Control of the estates of heirs under adult age, which allowed the King to manage these lands for his own profit
Livery
Payment made by a ward on reaching adulthood and taking control of his lands
Bonds and recognisances
Written agreements where nobles either paid for offences they had committed or paid money as security for future good behaviour
