Henry VII - Foreign Policy

Question 1

Why was Spain natural allies with England?

Answer 1

Because France were the natural enemy of England. However England never became allies with Spain so this was an opportunity missed.

Question 2

Why was Spain a new superpower?

Answer 2

This is because Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castille and this made Spain one country.

Question 3

How was Spain and the Holy Roman Empire linked?

Answer 3

Joanna, the heir to Castile, married Philip of Burgundy and when Isabella of Castile died in November 1504 Castile became part of the HRE almost overnight.

Question 4

Why was it problematic for Henry VII that Philip of Burgundy and Ferdinand of Aragon went to war over Castile?

Answer 4

He had alliances with both of these men.

Question 5

Why did Henry VII side with Philip of Burgundy?

Answer 5

Because he washed up on the English coastline and because of this Henry negotiated an unfair peace treaty with Burgundy called the Malus Intercurses.

Question 6

What were the terms of the Malus Intercurses?

Answer 6

Gave England a better trading deal and made Philip give up Edmund de la Pole and other Yorkists.

Question 7

What happened when Philip of Burgundy died in September 1506?

Answer 7

Ferdinand took over Castile.
The Malus Intercurses didn’t last.
Showed Henry chose the wrong side and this left Henry isolated.

Question 8

We’re England included in the League of Cambrai?

Answer 8

No but Henry VII didn’t care.

Question 9

Why were Scotland a problem for Henry VII?

Answer 9

Scotland still raided English towns.
Scotland still a safe haven for Yorkists.
Scotland were still close to France.

Question 10

When was the nine year truce signed between England and Scotland?

Answer 10

1493

Question 11

Did the nine year peace treaty last?

Answer 11

No because James IV allowed Warbeck to marry his cousin and invade England in 1496.

Question 12

What was the Truce of Ayton?

Answer 12

It brought an end to the conflict with Scotland in September 1497

Question 13

What was the Treaty of Perpetual Peace?

Answer 13

Signed in 1502 James married Margaret, Henry VII’s daughter, and it was finalised in 1503 and this meant there was peace for the remainder of Henry VII’s reign.

Question 14

Where was Brittany?

Answer 14

Brittany was the last independent area of France and was ruled by the ageing Francis II.

Question 15

When was the Brittany crises?

Answer 15

1487-1492

Question 16

What happened on the 9th September 1488?

Answer 16

Francis II died and Anne of Beauja took over the wardship of Anne of Brittany, Francis’ daughter.

Question 17

What did Anne of Beauja taking over Brittany mean?

Answer 17

It meant French control over Brittany was almost complete.

Question 18

Why did Henry VII take action to preserve Breton independence?

Answer 18

He took action as when he was in exile he stayed in Brittany and he also took action to protect English trade.

Question 19

What was the Treaty of Rendon?

Answer 19

In February 1489 Henry agreed to send 6000 troops to help stop the annexation of Brittany and in return Anne pledged to pay for the troops and also pledged not to marry anyone without Henrys permission.

Question 20

What was Treaty of Medina del Campo?

Answer 20

In March 1489 Henry and Spain agreed to go to war against France.

Question 21

Did the Treaty of Medina del Campo last?

Answer 21

No Henry ended up fighting on his own

Question 22

What happened at the Battle of Boulogne?

Answer 22

Henry went to war at the end of the campaigning season and because of this only 12 men were killed meaning it wasn’t really a battle however it did earn Henry the Treaty of Etaples.

Question 23

What was the Treaty of Etaples?

Answer 23

England removed its troops from French lands.
Henry got the French pension which meant Franc e had to pay England money so they wouldn’t invade.
France was now closed to Yorkists.