Elizabeth - Foreign Policy Flashcards
What were Elizabeth’s aims?
Prevent French getting control in Scotland.
Prevent Spain getting control in Netherlands.
Prevent a Spanish French alliance.
What was signed in 1559 that brought peace between France and Spain?
Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis.
What year do Scottish lords remove Mary of Guise from power?
1559
What happened in the 1560 Treaty of Berwick?
Elizabeth reluctantly send aid to the Scottish rebels to prevent Mary of Guise returning.
What was the Treaty of Edinburgh (1560)?
Removed French from Scotland.
What were the French Protestant rebels called?
Huguenots.
What was the Treaty of Hampton Court (1562)?
Elizabeth promises to send aid but it was never fully implemented.
Where did Elizabeth take over due to the loss of Calais?
Le Havre
Who was the Duke of Anjou?
Brother of the French king and Elizabeth entered into marriage negotiations with him which led to him intervening in the Netherlands on her behalf.
When was the Treaty of Blois signed and who between?
1572
England and France.
What was the Treaty of Blois?
Mutual defence treaty between England and France.
What was St Bartholomew’s day massacre?
24th August 1572
Thousands of Huguenots killed in France but Elizabeth doesn’t intervene because it would damage her peace with France.
When does Elizabeth renew the Treaty of Blois with the new French king, Henry III?
1574
What was the Treaty of Joinville?
Signed in 1584 by Spain and France to help drive out Protestantism from Europe.
Why didn’t Elizabeth want to marry a foreign prince?
She believed that England would get dragged into the European power struggle.
Why didn’t Elizabeth want to marry a member of the English nobility?
Might led to rebellions or factions.
What happened in 1562 when Elizabeth succumbed to smallpox?
It showed why she needed to appoint a successor as if she died off smallpox it could have plunged the nation into conflict. Even though she recovered she still didn’t name a successor with MQS being the obvious one but she was Catholic so Elizabeth didn’t want to appoint her.
In 1589 Protestants established control of France but under who?
Henry of Navarre and Elizabeth sent an army to support him.
What happens to Henry of Navarre in 1593?
He becomes Catholic and makes peace with the catholics and then eventually with Spain.
Why does England’s and Spain’s relationship begin to decline in 1562?
Spain gain a tighter control over the Netherlands.
What happened in 1563 between England and Netherlands with trade?
Trade embargoes were put in place and in return England bans imports. Takes 12 months for this to be resolved.
What year does Philip send the Duke of Alva to establish control in the Netherlands?
1567
What year is a Spanish bullion seized in English ports?
1568
Why was the Spanish bullion seized?
To make things difficult for the Duke of Alva as he couldn’t pay his troops after the bullion was seized.
What year did Elizabeth allow the Sea Beggars to take refuge in England?
1567
What happens in 1572 when Elizabeth expels the Sea Beggars?
They return to the Netherlands and spark a civil war.
What year does Elizabeth allow Protestant exiles from the Netherlands into England?
1573 and this further damages her relationship with Philip.
What year is trade reestablished after negotiations with Alva?
1573
What year did Elizabeth send volunteers to the Netherlands?
1577
What happens in the 1576 Protestant uprising in the Netherlands?
(3)
Elizabeth loans them £100,000.
Agrees to send an expeditionary force to help.
She warns Henry III of France not to interfere or she would use force.
What happens when Philip sends an army to get back the Netherlands?
Elizabeth finances a mercenary force to stop him.
Who is the Duke of Anjou?
In 1578 he entered marriage negotiations with Elizabeth as well as intervening in the Netherlands on her behalf.
What year is Drake knighted?
1581 and this shows that Elizabeth backed what he was doing in raiding the Spanish.
When does Philip order the creation of a large navy?
1583
Who led the Spanish advances on Antwerp in 1584?
Duke of Palma
What happened when William of Orange was assassinated in 1584?
There were further calls to Elizabeth to intervene.
When was the Treaty of Nonsuch signed?
1585
What was the Treaty of Nonsuch?
Elizabeth sends an army to help Dutch rebels.
What year is the start of the war with Spain?
1584
When does Drake sack Cadiz?
1587
When is the Spanish Armada defeated?
1588
How is the Spanish Armada defeated?
3
Bad weather.
Drakes leadership.
New style of ships.
When do Spain renew their treaty with the French Catholic League and what do they do?
1590 and they send 3000 men to Brittany which threatens the Cannel.
When does Elizabeth send an army to Brittany to respond to the Catholic League?
1591
What happens to Spain in 1596?
They go bankrupt but still launch a second Armada however it is unsuccessful.
When do Spanish forces intervene in Ireland?
1601
When was the Union of Utrecht signed?
1579
What did the Union of Utrecht do?
United all of northern Netherlands under William of Orange.
What does Warwick trying to exchange le Havre for Calais show?
That Elizabeth was more interested in her own gains rather than being a protector of Protestantism.
Why does Elizabeth not want Leicester to take the title Governor General of Netherlands?
Because it means she has to get involved in the Netherlands.
When does Leicester take the title of Governor General of the Netherlands?
1585
