HEME 1.21 Flashcards
what is the major source of fuels for cells
Glucose (a carbohydrate)
what can be gleamed from measuring the glucose in blood
whether someone is hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic
what is fasting hyperglycemia associated with
type 1 OR type 2 Diabetes mellitus
what does the body use Sodium for
1 ) regulation of plasma volume
2) generation of nerve impulses
3) generation of muscle cantractions
4) facilitation of glucose absorption in the small intestine
what terms are used to describe sodium imbalances
hepernatremia and hyponatremia
what are some of the needs the body has for Potassium
1) generation of nerve impulses
2) generation of muscle contractions
3) acid base balance
what terms represent potassium imbalances
hyperkalemia and hypokalemia
what are some of the need the body has for calcium? (6)
1) muscle contractions
2) cardiac function
3) enzyme activation
4) exycytosis of neurotransmitters
5) blood clotting
6) normal bone and tooth architecture
what is more prevelent in the blood Na or K
Na
what are some of the needs the body has for Chloride (2)
acid base balance
-facilitates actions of certain neurotransmitters (GABBA, Glycine)
where is albumin synthesized
in and by the liver
what can albumin be used to screen for
certain liver and kidney disorders as well as other diseases
what are 4 functions of albumin
1) maintenance of oncotic pressure
2) transportation of thyroid hormones, fat soluble hormones, free fatty acids, unconjugated bilirubin, many drugs
3) competitively binds calcuim ions (Ca+2)
4) maintenance of pH (acts as a buffer)
what causes creatinine levels to increase
the kidney filters this wast p[roduct from skeletal levels, when they fail, levels increase in the blood
where does urea come from
it is a waste product made in the liver from amino acid metabolism
it is also filtered by the kidneys
what does BUN stand for
Blood uera nitrogen, the measure of the amount of urea in the blood
alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
an enzyme mainly found in the liver: involved in amino acid catabolism
aspartate aminothansferase (AST)
an enzyme found in the liver and a few other places particularly the heart and skeletal muscles; involved of amino acid catabolism
alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
- related to bile ducts
- increase when blocked or inflamed
- when they are found in the blood, they reflect liver damage
Bilirubin is a wast product of what
metabolism of hemoglobin inside of the RBC
what are the three tissues responsible for responsible of removing dead RBC
liver, spleen, and some bone marrow
where is all bilirubin sent to be processed
the liver
what is CO2 a waste product of
aerobic matabolism
what is a complete cholesterol test reffered to as
Lipid panel or lipid profile
what four types of lipid will a lipid panel measure
- low-density lipoprotiens cholesterol (LDL-C)
- High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
- triglycerides
- Total cholesterol
what are cholesterol test done for
asses patients risk of coronary artery disease or risk of vascular disease in other parts of the body
what are the two sources of cholesterol
1) the liver (endogenous cholesterol
2) the diet (exogenous cholesterol)
what is the catalyzing enzyme in cholesterol synthesis and what drugs target this enzyme
HMG-CoA reductase (statin drugs target this enzyme)
what has been dubed “bad cholesterol”
LDL-C
