Heme 1.1 Flashcards
Define Hematology
1) the study of blood and the blood forming organs
2) the subspecialty of the internal medicine which concerns itself with the investigation and treatment of diseases of the blood and blood forming tissues
what are the four basic functions of blood? (4)
1) major transportation medium -permeates all organs and tissues
2) homeostasis the quantity of everything in the blood is regulated in the some fashion
3) buffering
4) temperature regulation
what percentage of blood is Plasma?
55%
what percentage of blood is the buffy coat?
<1%
what percentage of the blood is erythrocytes?
45%
what does the formed elements consist of?
RBC, WBC, and Platelets (thrombocytes)
what does the plasma contain?
- water
- solutes
- plasma protiens
what is Serum?
plasma minus the clotting factors
what percentage of the body weight is blood?
about 8% (5-6 L male, 4-5L female)
what is the salinity of the blood?
0.9%
what is a normal “crit” count percentage wise?
37- 48% female, 45-52% male
why are RBC lighter in the center?
Because of their biconcave shape
how are RBC normally organized in the cell?
evenly spaced, occasionally form groups of 2-3 cells
do red blood cells contain a nuceus?
no
what is the primary function of the RBC?
solubilize, exchange and carry gasses
Buffering
what function does the biconcave shape play on the RBC
to increase the surface area
what are platelets?
Fragments of megakaryocytes that break off in the bone marrow before entering the peripheral blood
what is the main function of Platele
Create a “Platelet Plug” which slows or stops bleeding to so clotting can occure
How do WBC apeare under the microscope?
Depends on how the stain turned out
how do neutrophile nucleii normally apear
typically devide into 3-5 lobes connected by thin stranded chromatin
what is the most frequent WBC in the blood
Neutrophils (60-70%)
what is the function of the neutrophil
Primary defense agains bacteria and fungi
whay do neutrophils use for breaking down foreign objects
lysosomes
what are the physical charecteristics of eosinophils?
2 lobes
Filled with granules
dyed with eosin (orange)
Defend against Parasites
Basophils
lobes not well defined (s-shaped)
stained deep blue
least common amount the WBC
what is the function of basophils
mediate infammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergy symptoms
store lots of hitamine
what is the name of the basophil when it enters the tissue
mast cells
monocyte nucleus
“kidney shaped” NOT ROUND OR LOBED
what causes the white area in the monocytes
The “negative Image” is from the lack staining of the large amounts of golgi
what are monocytes called when they enter the tissue
Macrophages
what are the smallest WBC
lymphocytes
describe the nuceus of the lymphocyte
Large round necleus (almost takes up the whole cell)
what is the function of lymphocytes (b or t)
identify non-self antigens
how do NK cells function
they release small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called PERFORIN and GRANZYME that casue the target cell to die
