Heme 1.1

Question 1

Define Hematology

Answer 1

1) the study of blood and the blood forming organs
2) the subspecialty of the internal medicine which concerns itself with the investigation and treatment of diseases of the blood and blood forming tissues

Question 2

what are the four basic functions of blood? (4)

Answer 2

1) major transportation medium -permeates all organs and tissues
2) homeostasis the quantity of everything in the blood is regulated in the some fashion
3) buffering
4) temperature regulation

Question 3

what percentage of blood is Plasma?

Answer 3

55%

Question 4

what percentage of blood is the buffy coat?

Answer 4

<1%

Question 5

what percentage of the blood is erythrocytes?

Answer 5

45%

Question 6

what does the formed elements consist of?

Answer 6

RBC, WBC, and Platelets (thrombocytes)

Question 7

what does the plasma contain?

Answer 7

• water
• solutes
• plasma protiens

Question 8

what is Serum?

Answer 8

plasma minus the clotting factors

Question 9

what percentage of the body weight is blood?

Answer 9

about 8% (5-6 L male, 4-5L female)

Question 10

what is the salinity of the blood?

Answer 10

0.9%

Question 11

what is a normal “crit” count percentage wise?

Answer 11

37- 48% female, 45-52% male

Question 12

why are RBC lighter in the center?

Answer 12

Because of their biconcave shape

Question 13

how are RBC normally organized in the cell?

Answer 13

evenly spaced, occasionally form groups of 2-3 cells

Question 14

do red blood cells contain a nuceus?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

what is the primary function of the RBC?

Answer 15

solubilize, exchange and carry gasses

Buffering

Question 16

what function does the biconcave shape play on the RBC

Answer 16

to increase the surface area

Question 17

what are platelets?

Answer 17

Fragments of megakaryocytes that break off in the bone marrow before entering the peripheral blood

Question 18

what is the main function of Platele

Answer 18

Create a “Platelet Plug” which slows or stops bleeding to so clotting can occure

Question 19

How do WBC apeare under the microscope?

Answer 19

Depends on how the stain turned out

Question 20

how do neutrophile nucleii normally apear

Answer 20

typically devide into 3-5 lobes connected by thin stranded chromatin

Question 21

what is the most frequent WBC in the blood

Answer 21

Neutrophils (60-70%)

Question 22

what is the function of the neutrophil

Answer 22

Primary defense agains bacteria and fungi

Question 23

whay do neutrophils use for breaking down foreign objects

Answer 23

lysosomes

Question 24

what are the physical charecteristics of eosinophils?

Answer 24

2 lobes
Filled with granules
dyed with eosin (orange)
Defend against Parasites

Question 25

Basophils

Answer 25

lobes not well defined (s-shaped)
stained deep blue
least common amount the WBC

Question 26

what is the function of basophils

Answer 26

mediate infammatory reactions, particularly those that cause allergy symptoms
store lots of hitamine

Question 27

what is the name of the basophil when it enters the tissue

Answer 27

mast cells

Question 28

monocyte nucleus

Answer 28

“kidney shaped” NOT ROUND OR LOBED

Question 29

what causes the white area in the monocytes

Answer 29

The “negative Image” is from the lack staining of the large amounts of golgi

Question 30

what are monocytes called when they enter the tissue

Answer 30

Macrophages

Question 31

what are the smallest WBC

Answer 31

lymphocytes

Question 32

describe the nuceus of the lymphocyte

Answer 32

Large round necleus (almost takes up the whole cell)

Question 33

what is the function of lymphocytes (b or t)

Answer 33

identify non-self antigens

Question 34

how do NK cells function

Answer 34

they release small cytoplasmic granules of proteins called PERFORIN and GRANZYME that casue the target cell to die