1.3

Question 1

where and at what rate are RBC synthesized

Answer 1

In the red bone marrow at a rate of 200 billion per day

Question 2

where can red bone marrow be found

Answer 2

flat bones, irrectular bones, and epiphyses of long bones

Question 3

where can yellow bone marrow be found

Answer 3

Medullary cavity

Question 4

true or false: in cases of severe blood loss, the body can convert yellow marrow back to red marrow to increase blood cell production

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

where are RBC formed in the fetus

Answer 5

in the liver and spleen

Question 6

what is the term used to describe when RBC are synthesized in the liver of spleen

Answer 6

extramedullary erythropoiesis

Question 7

when can extramedullary erythropoiesis occur in an adult

Answer 7

When a disease destroys the bone marrow

Question 8

what is the most important growth factor in erythropoiesis

Answer 8

Erythropoietin

Question 9

what is erythropoitin released by

Answer 9

by the kidney (and to a small extent by the liver)

Question 10

what are reticulocytes

Answer 10

immature RBC still containing some organells

Question 11

what are the absolute ‘ingredients” for making normal RBC

Answer 11

amino acids, iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12

Question 12

how can reticulocytes be be identified

Answer 12

by very slight basophilic staining (stains the organells)

Question 13

true or false: erythropoietin production involves a positive feedback loop

Answer 13

false: negative feedback loop

Question 14

what makes the EPO levels drop

Answer 14

increased levels of oxygen

Question 15

what occurs when oxygen levels are low in regards to EPO (erythropoietin)

Answer 15

EPO levels rise, RBC productions increases until oxygen levels return to normal

Question 16

how many major protiens types are part of the RBC cell wall

Answer 16

only 10-15 (other cells may have hundreds) major proteins and many minor proteins

Question 17

what is unique about the RBC cytoskeleton

Answer 17

some or the proteins are only found in the RBC

Question 18

what is band 3

Answer 18

in integral protein makin up about 25% of all proteins in the red blood cell,

• function in anion transport
• linkage of the lipid bilater to the underlying membrane skeleton

Question 19

what is glycophorins

Answer 19

negatively charged proteins that reduce the interaction of red cells with on another and with other cells

Question 20

aquaorin -1

Answer 20

serve as selectiveprotesfr water transprot

Question 21

what peripheral proteins are importatn to provide RBC with a flexible, but resilient and stable membrane

Answer 21

• ankerin
• protein 4.1
• protein 4.2
• spectrin

Question 22

what causes hereditary spherocytosis

Answer 22

defects in the red cell protiens

Question 23

what happens to abnormally shaped RBC

Answer 23

the undergo hemolysis and suffer pre-matrue destruction

Question 24

what processes in the red blood cell require energy

Answer 24

• red cell membraneintegrity
• red cell shape
• hemoglobin sulfhygryl groups must be maintained in reduced froms
• iron must be kept in reduced from
• ion gradient

Question 25

what occurs when a RBS has insuffeceint energy

Answer 25

the call becomes a spherocyte (spherical)

Question 26

erythrocyte cludose metablolism depends on what

Answer 26

exclusively on cytosolic proteins

Question 27

about 90% of glucose in RBC is matabolized how

Answer 27

by glycolosis

Question 28

how much RBC glucose is matabolized through the pentose phosphate pathway

Answer 28

10%

Question 29

what enzyme is necessary for the PPP

Answer 29

glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase

Question 30

where is the spleen located

Answer 30

in LUQ (left upper quadrant)

Question 31

when it the spleen most often injured

Answer 31

abdominal trauma

Question 32

what saline solution of isotonic with plasma

Answer 32

0.9% Nacl solution

Question 33

what is an other term used for when a cell increases volume

Answer 33

creanete