2.51

Question 1

what is trombomodulin

Answer 1

a glycoprotein present on endothelial cells that combines with thrombin

Question 2

what does the Thrombomodulin-thrombin complex activate

Answer 2

protein C

Question 3

what does protein C and its cofacfor, Protein S degrade

Answer 3

factors V and VIII

Question 4

what is antithrombin III

Answer 4

a glycoprotein that binds to and subsequently inhibits factor X and thrombin

Question 5

where is antithrombin III produced

Answer 5

The liver

Question 6

what does Heparin cofactor II inhibit

Answer 6

Thrombin (least important of the three)

Question 7

where is Heperin cofactor II produced

Answer 7

The liver

Question 8

what initates the breakdown of blood clots

Answer 8

Plasmin (inactive form plasminogen)

Question 9

what is plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Answer 9

converts plasminogen to plasmin

Question 10

how does plasmin break down clots

Answer 10

plasminogen is caught in the clot, over several days, it is activated and breaks down the fibrin mesh

Question 11

what are four fibrinolysis inhibitors

Answer 11

• plasminogen activator inhibitor 1
• plasminogen activator inhibitor 2
• alpha2-antiplasmin
• alpha2-macroglobulin

Question 12

what is petechia

Answer 12

pinpoint hemorrhages on skin and mucous membranes (caused by low platelets)

Question 13

what are coagulation tests used for

Answer 13

to determine the function of intrinsic and extrinsic components of the coagulation system

Question 14

what is inside the tube of the coagulation test

Answer 14

sodium citrate (binds calcium, prevents clots)

Question 15

what is prothrombin time (PT) used to asses

Answer 15

the extrinsic pathway, calcium as added to plasma, and thromboplastin is added to substitute for tissue factor.

Question 16

what is the international normalized ratio

Answer 16

was devised to standardize results between with manufacture with PRO-TIME

Question 17

waht is an INR (international normalized ratio) most often used to monitor

Answer 17

the effectiveness of drugs such as warfarin (coumadin)

Question 18

why must anticoagulants be carefully monitored

Answer 18

maintain the balance between preventing clots and causing excessive bleeding

Question 19

what is the average time is takes for coagulation in the PRO-TIME test

Answer 19

10-15 seconds

Question 20

what is the normal INR range

Answer 20

2.0 - 3.0 for basic blood thinning needs

Question 21

what must the INR be for patients with clotting risks

Answer 21

about 2.5 to 3.5

Question 22

what is used to asses the intrinsic pathway

Answer 22

activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)

Question 23

what is used in APPT

Answer 23

calcuim is added to plasma to replace what was removed by citrate,
Kaolin and phospholipids are added to substiture for contact factor

Question 24

how long does clotting take with APTT

Answer 24

25-36 seconds

Question 25

what is APTT usually used to monitor

Answer 25

Heperin therapy

Question 26

by how much does the theraputic levels of UFH typically prolong the aPPT

Answer 26

2-2.5 times of the normal value

Question 27

what is used to asses the common pathway

Answer 27

Thrombin clotting time (TT), this assesses the converstion of fibrinogen to fibrin

Question 28

what is added to the bloodin the thrombin clotting time to mimic the products of the intrinsci and extrinsic pathways

Answer 28

thrombin

Question 29

what is used to determin actual deficiencies of specific clogging factors

Answer 29

coagulation factor asseys