Hematologic Agents Flashcards
Treatment of Iron deficiency anemia
Ferrous Sulfate
Hematopoietic growth factors
Treatment of megaloblastic anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency
Cyanocobalamin
Hematopoietic growth factors
Treatment of megaloblastic anemia, prevention of neural tube defects (spina bifida)
Folate / Folic Acid
Hematopoietic growth factors
Anemia in chronic kidney disease
Erythropoietin
Hematopoietic growth factors
Treatment of neutropenea and agranulocytosis
Filgrastim
Hematopoietic growth factors
Treatment of chemotherapy induced thrombocytopenia
Oprekelvin
Hematopoietic growth factors
Acute treatment of DVT, PE, and AMI
SE: bleeding, thrombocytopenia, monitor with PTT
Heparin
Anticoagulants
Low molecular weight heparin, less risk of thrombocytopenia, does not need monitoring
Enoxaparin
Anticoagulants
Treatment of Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Lepirudin
Anticoagulants
Antidote to Heparin-induced bleeding
Protamine Sulfate
Chronic coagulation
SE: bleeding, skin necrosis, many drug interactions
Warfarin
Antidote to warfarin (immediate reversal)
FFP
Antidote to warfarin (reversal overtime)
Vitamin K
What Laboratory tests will ypu request to assess the extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathways?
PTT: Intrinsic pathway
PT: Extrinsic pathway
in patient requiring anticoagulation, why is an overlap between heparin and warfarin usually done?
- Warfarin’s effect requires elimination of preformed clotting factors (8 - 60h)
- to bypass the initial prothrombotic effect of Warfarin (skin necrosis)
Thrombolysis in AMI, ischemic CVD and PE
SE: bleeding
Alteplase
Thrombolytic agents
Bacteria-derived thrombolytic, decreased effect on subsequent uses due to antibody formation
Streptokinasee
Thrombolytic agents
Antidote to thrombolytic overdose
Aminocaproic Acid
Thrombolytic agents
Irreversible COX inhibitor, instant prevention of arterial thrombosis
SE: tinnitus, hypersensitivity, Reye Syndrome
Aspirin
Antiplatelet drugs
ADP inhibitor, additive effects with Aspirin
Clopidogrel
Antiplatelet drugs
Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa inhibitor
Abciximab
Antiplatelet drugs
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor, cardiac stress testing
Dypirimadole
Antiplatelet drugs
What is the triad of aspirin hypersensitivity?
SAMTER TRIAD: Asthma, Aspirin Hypersensitivity, and Nasal Polyp
What are the signs of ASA poisoning?
Coma Hyperventilation Acidosis Fever Seizure
What is the expected acid-base abnormality in salicylate poisoning?
Respiratory Alkalosis with HAGMA
What is the difference between in presentation of aspirin intoxication in children and adults?
Adults: mixed based disorder, respiratory Alkalosis with HAGMA
CHILDREN: pure acid-base disorder HAGMA
What is the difference between an inhibitor and an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation?
Inhibitors: completely halt ETC
Uncouplers: dissipate proton gradient without interrupting ETC